Eicosanoids factor

Histamine Serotonin Platelet-activating factor (PAF) Eicosanoids (various prostaglandins and leukotrienes) C3a, C4a, and C5a from the complement system Bradykinin and fibrin split products from the coagulation system... 

Campbell, W.B. and Halushka, P. V., Lipid-derived autacoids eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor, in Goodman and Gilman s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed., Hardman, J.G. and Limbird, L.E., Eds., McGraw-Hill,... 

Eicosanoids, Docosanoids, Platelet-Activating Factor and Inflammation... 

Bronchial epithelial cells participate in inflammation by releasing eicosanoids, peptidases, matrix proteins, cytokines, and nitric oxide. Epithelial shedding results in heightened airway responsiveness, altered permeability of the airway mucosa, depletion of epithelial-derived relaxant factors, and loss of enzymes responsible for degrading inflammatory neuropeptides. 

Adipocytes have an important secretory function. Numerous factors (collectively termed adipokines or adipocytokines), mostly peptides but also eicosanoids are produced by preadipocytes and mature adipocytes (Table 9.3). Some of these factors act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to regulate adipogenesis, that is differentiation and maturation of adipocytes themselves, whilst others, notably, leptin, adiponectin and some cytokines act in truly endocrine way, having effects on the brain, endothelial cells, liver and skeletal muscle. Disturbance in secretion from adipocytes is associated with eating disorders and metabolic syndrome. 

Hyperglycemia followed by hypoglycemia Catabolic hormones release Platelet-activating factor and eicosanoid release... 

Fatty messenger molecules include diacylglycerol, ceramide, platelet activating factor, the eicosanoids and resolvins. A summary of the reactions that produce some of these messengers is given in Appendix 11.7. 

Figure 11.30 Mechanisms of regulation of phospholipase A2. In all these processes described above, it is phospholipase A that carries out the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipid. Cytokines are local hormones produced by immune cells, T-lymphocytes and macrophages (Chapter 17). Other factors relate to shear stress in endothelial cells and those that stimulate release of granules from mast cells. Eicosanoids are present in the granules and they must be re-synthesised after degranulation in the mast cells. Here the enzymes described above must be present in mast cells.

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