Efficiency deterioration

Another advantage of the radial reacrion turbine is that it can be designed to accept condensation in any amount without efficiency deterioration or erosion. This is possible because there are two forces acring on suspended fog particles, the deceleration force and the centrifugal force, and these two forces can be balanced against each other to prevent the droplets from impinging on specially shaped blades. The process is expl ned as follows ... 

Has the unit operation efficiency deteriorated resulting in poorer performance ... 

The turboexpander dry gas seal consists of the conventional dry gas seal mating ring and primary ring, an outboard labyrinth, an inboard labyrinth, and tlie cavity to be vented, if desired. Tlie outboard labyrinth reduces warm seal gas leakage to the process side efficiency deterioration is thus minimized. The inboard labyrinth, on one hand, provides an additional seal between the process and lubricating fluids. On the other hand, it allows injection of an inert gas, if desired. In the latter case, inert gas leaks to the bearing side and to the cavity between the... 

Long Small-diameter Columns (8-12 mm). This setup does permit useful separations however, separation efficiency deteriorates quickly since the column is overloaded with sample. The justification for such a system is that preparative-size sample capacity is proportional to the amount of solid support mesh size and column dimensions (39). 

The laboratory pulsator test simulated mixed urban and autobahn driving. The results indicate that for any vehicle subjected to this mix, lead levels up to 3 mg/1 will not cause concern, due to lead being returned to metallic Pb and removed from the catalyst. However, 10 mg/1 fuelling together with the catalyst surface reduction caused by,high temperature excursions will result in unacceptable catalyst efficiency deterioration. 

It is wise to allow for pump head and efficiency deterioration, relative to its water performance, of a few per cent, based on the pump supplier s data and according to the slurry properties. Indeed, the suppliers of specialist slurry pumps will usually assist in the overall system design. It is also wise to allow a margin of 15-25 per cent of maximum calculated absorbed power when sizing the driver, to provide flexibility for operation at increased densities and pump speeds. 

Ashell-and-tube heat exchanger used to cool hydrocarbon streams is a common piece of heat-transfer equipment. The troubleshooter will find that deposits which foul the waterside are the principal reason for reduced cooling efficiency. Deterioration of a cooling wafer tower or insufficient water circulation will also reduce heat-transfer capacity. When investigating a cooler deficiency, you will want to consider the following factors ... 

Dust control efficiency deteriorates significantly when water flow is less than 0.016 L/s (0.25 gpm). Higher water flow rates (more than 0.032 to 0.063 L/s or 0.5 to 1.0 gpm) are not likely to improve the performance of the wet-bar system. Also, excess water causes the dust to cake and soUdify on the... 

An alternative approach to photon detection is to use a phototransducer in conjunction with a conventional photomultiplier. This involves measuring the fluorescence produced following irradiation with VUV light. A particularly convenient and widely used phosphor is sodium salicylate, which has a high fluorescence efficiency and nearly constant quantum yield over a wide photon energy range (5-35 eV). Periodic replacement of this phosphor is required as its low-wavelength efficiency deteriorates with time in a typical vacuum environment. 

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