Relative efficiency

Compaiison of actual use of work potential against the rninirnurn allows calculation of an efficiency relative to the best possible separation ... 

The first stage assures high carbon conversion and optimum slag removal. The second stage reduces the raw product gas temperature to about 1000°C. This latter step helps to improve cold gas efficiency relative to other slurry fed processes and to lower waste heat recovery costs (15—18). 

Topology Power Range (W) n(dc) Range In/Out Isolation Typical Efficiency (%) Relative Parts Cost... 

High inhibitive efficiency relative to thermal destruction of n-alkanes is displayed by hydrides and amides of alkali metals [33-35]. 

According to the ionization potential and electron-transfer work, alkali metals form the following series Li > Na > K, and their hydroxides are arranged in the sequence KOH > NaOH > LiOH as to their inhibitive efficiency relative to thermal destruction of polyolefins. And the efficiency of alkali metals can be represented by the sequence Na > K > Li. This seems to be due... 

Polypyrocatechin borate has a higher inhibitive efficiency relative to the reactions of the radical R2 than to that of the radical Ri, since the latter exerts a more severe decrease in the yield of propane and propylene than in the yield of ethane and ethylene, and favors an insignificant growth of polyethylene nonsaturation in the pro-... 

The composition of the copolymer determines its electroluminescence efficiency. Optimal efficiency (0.3%) was achieved in system 34 when the feed ratio of monomer 4 to monomer 34 was 9 1. This represents a 30-fold improvement in luminescence efficiency relative to PPV in the same device configuration (AlALOj/polymer/Al) 58, 62. Copolymer 33 has found uses as waveguides and... 

Manufacturers of TLC materials and accessories are well prepared to satisfy the needs for professionally performed PLC. High-quality precoated preparative plates are available from a number of eommercial sources. Alternatively, less expensive or specialty preparative plates ean be homemade in the laboratory, and loose sorbents and coating devices ean be purehased for this purpose. More-or-less-automated devices can also be purehased for band application of higher quantities of sample solutions to preparative layers. At least for some users, sophisticated densitometric and other instrumental techniques are available as nondestructive tools for preliminary detention and identification of separated compounds in order to enhance the effieiency of their isolation. The only aid still missing, and maybe the most important of all, is a comprehensive monograph on PLC that might encourage and instruct many potential users on how to fully benefit from this very versatile, efficient, relatively inexpensive, and rather easy to use isolation and purification technique. This book was planned to fill that void. 

Percentage difference in trapping efficiency relative to the 1 p.g m result. MITC = methyl isothiocyanate. 

FRET applications employing CFP and YFP are complicated due to considerable bleed-through between CFP and YFP fluorescence (Figs. 5.5B and 5.6B). Direct excitation of YFP and bleed-through of CFP fluorescence into the YFP detection channel have to be corrected for as shown in Chapters 7 and 8. The multiexponential fluorescence decay of all CFP variants complicates the quantification of FRET by donor lifetime methods. Altogether these factors make quantitative analysis of the FRET efficiency relatively difficult. 

Short column with STM particles (< 400 bar) Potential use with conventional HPLC Significant reduction in analysis time Easy method transfer Higher efficiency Relatively good variety of column chemistry Two-fold increase in speed for SIM... 

Involves converting concentrations to the ratio of an Individual specie to the total concentration of all dissolved species. The data analysis Is then performed on these normalized or relative concentrations. To the degree that an assumption of constant scavenging efficiency holds (each element Is removed from the atmosphere with equal efficiency) relative concentrations might be expected to better reflect the Influence of a pollution source, which, over time might experience differing amounts of dilution by air and water. This technique may produce spurious correlations due to closure (the constant sum) depending on the data structure before normalization ( ). 

MATERIAL RELATIVE BRIGHTNESS COLOR COORDINATES X Y Y RELATIVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RELATIVE COLOR GAMUT COMMENT... 

The theoretical plate concept in chromatography is a popular approach to determining column efficiency (relative band broadening in the column). The number of theoretical plates, N, is related to the retention time and to the width of the solute peak by... 

Another example for SFE of alkaloids using basified modifiers was reported for cephalotaxine (7) from Cephalotaxus wilsoniana leaves [45]. In this report, basified methanol was found to greatly enhance the extraction efficiency relative to any other modifiers (Figure 13). 

As mentioned, photochemical M-CO bond dissociation increases in efficiency relative to M-M photolysis as the radiation energy increases.45 In solution, this type of reactivity generally leads to substitution. However, in the case of the Cp2Mo2(CO)6 molecule, the reaction in equation 23 occurs.14 (Among the dimers, this reaction to form a triply bonded product is unique to the Mo and W species.)... 

The overall cell-stack efficiency (relative to the lower heating value for hydrogen) has been found to be typically around 40%, with a maximum of 45% around nominal current. These values are very low compared to the values in excess of 60% found for other cases like the HYSOLAR Electrolyser 2 at DLR. Operation of the DLR electrolyser with intermittent loads proved that ... 

For the He/MeONO system, the temperature dependence of Pn for He was determined [119. An 18% decrease in over a 31 K increase in temperature was observed. This trend is similar to that observed previously for MIC [122] and can be explained by considering the size of the vibrational partition function of MeONO which increases by 19% over the 31 K temperature interval studied. Previous studies of collisional energy transfer in MeONO have shown that the vibrational degrees of freedom of the colliders is important. Thus, an inert gas such as helium, which has only translational degrees of freedom, would be expected to show a decrease in collision efficiency relative to MeONO on itself with increasing temperature. 

In the two previous sections, we have discussed the use of the basic SCF-Xa-SW method. The advantage of this method is its computational efficiency relative to other ab initio methods which allows larger clusters to be handled. 

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