Effects of ionic strength and

Klapper 1, R Hagstrom, RFine, K Sharp and B Honig 1986. Focusing of Electric Fields in tire Actir e Sit of CuZn Superoxide Dismutase Effects of Ionic Strength and Amino-Acid Substitution. Proteins Structure, Function and Genetics 1 47-59. 

Gemzik, B., Halvorson, M.R. and Parkinson, A. (1990) Pronounced and differential effects of ionic strength and pH on testosterone oxidation by membrane-bound and purified forms of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 35 (3-4), 429-440. 

Dismer F. Petzold M. Hubbuch J. Effects of ionic strength and mobile phase pH on the binding orientation of lysozyme on different ion-exchange adsorbents. Journal of Chromatography A, 2008, 1194, 11-21. 

In this study, the effects of ionic strength and carrier protein (BSA) were examined in terms of the outcome for microarray printing. As noted previously, many factors can unduly influence printing performance. Proteins are notoriously bad when it comes to nonspecific adsorption. It should not be much of a surprise that some portion of a protein probe will adsorb to the printing device, whether it is a stainless steel quill or glass capillary. 

Ryan, J. N. Gschwlnd, P. M. 1994. Effects of ionic strength and flow rate on colloid release Relating... 

In situ estuarine measurements of electrophoretic mobility would be interestingly completed by estimations of the effect of ionic strength and of some specified dissolved components of sea water on the sampled particles. 

Benincasa et al. (2003) also studied the effect of ionic strength and electrolyte composition on hydrodynamic characteristics of HS. The author s reported that components of different HS fractions behave like organic acids, but that the retention level of fractions with larger components may not be accurately modulated by varying mobile phase properties as these species are either totally retained in acidic phases or released before the void peak at pH 4.2. Authors concluded that pronounced differences exist in the physicochemical properties of some HS components even when particle sizes were similar. 

In this chapter we have seen that acid dissociation constants are needed to calculate the dependence of apparent equilibrium constants on pH. In Chapter 3 we will discuss the calculation of the effects of ionic strength and temperature on acid dissociation constants. The database described later can be used to calculate pKs of reactants at 298.15 K at desired ionic strengths. Because of the importance of pKs of weak acids, Table 1.3 is provided here. More experimental measurements of acid dissociation constants and dissociation constants of complex ions with metal ions are needed because they are essential for the interpretation of experimental equilibrium constants and heats of reactions. A major database of acid dissociation constants and dissociation constants of metal ion complexes is provided by Martell, Smith, and Motekaitis (2001). 

In this chapter we will find that when isomers are in chemical equilibrium, it is convenient to treat isomer groups like species in order to reduce the number of terms in the fundamental equation. We will also discuss the effect of ionic strength and temperature on equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties of species. More introductory material on the thermodynamics of chemical reactions is provided in Silbey and Alberty (2001). 

Fig. 31 Theoretical phase diagramm for a symmetric mixture of positive polyelectrolytes. s measures the effect of ionic strength and t that of the incompatibility...

Dionysou DD, Suidan MT, Bekou E, Baudin I, Laine JM. Effect of ionic strength and hydrogen peroxide on the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid in water. Appl Catal B Environ 2000 25 153-171. 

Focusing of Electric Fields in the Active Site of Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Effects of Ionic Strength and Amino-Acid Modification. 

An investigation was therefore made on the effects of ionic strength and column washing procedures. The results were analyzed and specific recommendations were made for operational changes results and recommendations are given in this report. 

Millero, F. J. and M. Izaguirre. 1989. Effect of ionic strength and ionic interactions on the... 

Klapper, I.K., Hagstrom, R., Fine, R., Sharp, K., and Honig, (1986) Focusing of electric fields in the active site of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase effects of ionic strength and amino acid modification, Proteins, 1,47-59. 

Figure 5.8 Effects of ionic strength and pH on elution profiles obtained by gel filtration HPLC on five proteins 1, thyroglobulin, 670,000,2, gamma globulin, 158,000,3, ovalbumin, 44,000 4, myoglobulin, 17,000 5, vitamin D-12,1350. The column was eluted with sodium acetate (pH 6.8) (/t) at 50 mAf and (B) at 100 mAf. The column was also eluted with (C) 100 mAf sodium acetate (pH 6.0) and (D ) 150 mAf sodium acetate (pH 6.0).

Davidson, V. L., Graichen, M. E., and Jones, L. H., 1993, Binding constants for a physiologic electron-transfer protein complex between methylamine dehydrogenase and amicyanin. Effects of ionic strength and bound copper on binding, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1144 3 9n 45. 

I. Klapper, R. Hagstrom, R. Fine, K. Sharp, and B. Homg, Proteins, 1, 47 (1986). Focusing of Electric Fields in the Active Size of Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Effects of Ionic Strengths and Amino-Acid Modification. 

In order to describe the effect of ionic strength and pH, the electrost itic energies resulting from the oligoelectrolytic character of humic and fulvic acids (i.e., intermediate in character between simple ions and true poly electrolytes) must be assessed. The polyelectrolytic and oligoelectrolytic effect in proton and metal-ion binding has been well studied in physical biochemistry. 

Cities of seawater, information on both the nature of the species and the extent of such associations is needed. Many difficulties are involved in evaluation of the degree of association between a cation and a ligand even in electrolyte solutions less complicated than seawater. It is difficult to separate the effects of ionic strength and of ion association. Either the ion association is known from other experiments or the activity coefficient effect is known from other experiments (both involve nonthermodynamic assumptions). 

Effect of Ionic Strength and Complex Formation on Electrode Potentials Formal Potentials... 

An explanation for the kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation in estuarine and seawater has been suggested by the results of Sung and Morgan (1980), who reported strong effects of ionic strength and medium anions (CP, SO4 ) in slowing the reaction. 

Figure 3. Effect of ionic strength and pH on the Stokes-Einstein (hydrodynamic) radius of the 50-100 K apparent molecular weight fraction of a humic acid.

This section discusses the alkaline reaction with crude oil, which includes in situ soap generation, emulsification, and effect of ionic strength and pH on IFT. 

With new data for polyelectrolytes obtained with the techniques described above it should become possible to determine carefully the effects of ionic strength and externally controlled surface potential on the rate of adsorption of poly electrolytes. We hope that the effects of molar mass and charge density of the poly electrolyte, as well as the nature of that charge (annealed or quenched) can be established. This should stimulate further theoretical research aimed at constructing an adequate equivalent of the Von Smolu-chowsky-Fuchs theory for the rate of flocculation. At present, it would seem that an analysis of the adsorption process taking all complications into account necessitates a simulation-oriented approach. 

Effective equilibrium constants in 0.1 M CaCl2 were measured by Cavanaugh (14) or estimated by the Radian equilibrium program (26). As given in Table IV, these constants include the effects of ionic strength and ion pairing on the activity of the anions. Ion pairs, such as CaSO, are not treated as separate species, but are accounted for as an effect on the activity of simple ions, such as SO3. 

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