Effect past trends

Sage, R., and J. Colemana. 2001. Effects of low atmospheric CO2 on plants more than a thing of the past. Trends Plant Sci. 6 18-24. 

Another objective is to discuss briefly recent and major trends in the field of methine dyes color. Indeed, because of its relatively simple structure, the thiazole ring has been chosen in the past for studying color-structure relations. Using Brooker s basicity concepts (5), numerous valuable attempts in different countries succeeded in establishing semiempirical rules for explaining the effects of structural changes on color. 

Turbine-Blade Cooling The turbine inlet temperatures of gas turbines have increased considerably over the past years and will continue to do so. This trend has been made possible by advancement in materials and technology, and the use of advanced turbine bladecooling techniques. The olade metal temperature must be kept below 1400° F (760° C) to avoid hot corrosion problems. To achieve this cooling air is bled from the compressor and is directed to the stator, the rotor, and other parts of the turbine rotor and casing to provide adequate cooling. The effect of the coolant on the aerodynamic, and thermodynamics depends on the type of cooling involved, the temperature of the coolant compared to the mainstream temperature, the location and direction of coolant injection, and the amount of coolant. 

Although there has been a warming trend over the past 100 years, it is not necessarily due to the greenhouse effect. The concern of the scientific community about accelerating changes in the next 40 to 50 years is based not only on the recent observations of temperature compared with past observations, but also on the physical principles related to the greenhouse effect. 

How can pharma R D managers ensure that the future for process and performance improvement is not just like the past, where the long-term trend appears to be decreased, not increased, economic effectiveness ... 

The pharmacoeconomics of the anxiety disorders has received litde attention. In the past drug costs were largely incurred by use of benzodiazepines, most of which are available in generic forms and are cheap. They are effective and acceptable in the short term. Long-term use is associated with the risk of physical dependence, with an adverse risk—benefit ratio and high cost terms to facilitate withdrawal. There is now a trend towards the use of antidepressants in the anxiety disorders. Clinical experience has been followed by formal trial evaluation. 

Although the incidence of breast cancer has been increasing in the United States, the mortality rate has been decreasing over the past two decades. This trend reflects the success of early detection and the development of effective treatment regimens. Treatment for most breast cancer patients includes a combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy. 

In the past, the scale-up was carried out by selecting best guess process parameters. The recent trend is to employ the Factorial and Modified Factorial Designs and Search Methods. These statistically designed experimental plans can generate mathematical relationships between the independent variables, such as process factors, and dependent variables, such as product properties. This approach still requires an effective laboratory/pilot scale development program and an understanding of the variables that affect the product properties. 

The recent and future development of sulfur supplies in the Middle East tends to emphasize the resulting regional concept for sulfur supply/demand. However, as in North America, the rising production of involuntary sulfur has caused a drop in the amount of native pyrite sulfur produced. Table 2 shows recent past and estimated trends in several Middle Eastern countries. The future of by-product sulfur from oil and gas operations is very uncertain at the time of this writing (October 1980) because of the Iran-Iraq war and its effect on near-by countries. 

The results from analyses of many research groups reports published in the past decade indicate that often both effects display a parallel trend. An order of the bulk of 44 silyl groups is thus established as follows ... 

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