Effect of Surface Condition

Surface states at a silicon/electrolyte interface are determined by the preparation prior to entering the electrolyte and by the changes that occur in the electrolyte. Thus, in general, an experimentally determined flatband potential is specific to the particular silicon/electrolyte interface at a given time and may significantly vary even with the same material and electrolyte. 

FIGURE 2.29. Plots of En versus pH obtained by high-frequency capacitance measurements on Si/Si02 for n-Si (A d = 2.8 x 10 m oxide thickness 60 nm) and for p-Si (JVa = 4.8 x 10 m oxide thickness 65 nm). In 1M NaCl. (Reprinted from Dort et a/. 1985, with permission from Elsevier Science.) 

FIGURE 2.30. Mott-Schottky plots in 5% HF for mechanically polished n-type silicon and chemically etched sample. After De Mierry et a/.  

Id improve the reproducibility of the flatband potential in acetonitrile. In another stndy, exposing a freshly HF rinsed sample in methanol vapor as a surface preparation procedure caused a shift of the flatband potential of n-Si in acetonitrile +0.1 M LiClOa solntion from-0.02 Vsce to -0.51 V ee and it rednced the change of flatband potential with time possibly due to the formation of Si-O-CHj gronps.  

The difference between the flatband potentials ofp-Si and n-Si plus the differences between the bulk Fermi level to the corresponding band edges equal the band gap, 1.12eV when the band edges of the two materials are the same in the solution. Such situations have been observed. However, in many situations the measurement of flatband potentials ofp-Si and n-Si does not yield the band gap. There are two possible explanations. In one the band edges of p -Si and n-Si may not have the same energy 

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Effect of surface condition As previously noted, millscale on steel may decrease the corrosion rate over short periods. However, over longer periods the surface condition is not usually a determining factor as can be seen from Table 3.4 which shows the results of 5-year tests at Sheffield. 

Effect of surface conditions While the value of the CHF is assumed not to be significantly affected by variation in heating surface roughness for ordinary liquids, some experiments with boiling liquid metals (cesium) on horizontal 0.43-in. (ll-mm)-diameter stainless steel-clad cylindrical heaters of three different surface types (Kutateladze et al., 1973 Avksentyuk and Mamontova, 1973) showed different magnitudes and kinds of crisis. These experimenters tested three types of surfaces ... 

Lorentz, J. J., B. B. Mikic, and W. M. Rohsenow, 1974, The Effect of Surface Conditions on Boiling Characteristics, Proc. 5th Int. Heat Transfer Conf, vol. 5, Hemisphere, New York. (2)... 

In an effort to enhance diamond nucleation and to control film morphology, extensive work on the nucleation and early growth stages has been performed. As a result, technology problems associated with the nucleation of polycrystalline diamond films have been adequately addressed. A number of nucleation enhancement methods have been developed that enable the control of nucleation density over several orders of magnitude. Nucleation density has been increased from < 10 cm on untreated substrates up to 10 cm on scratched or biased substrates. The effects of surface conditions on nucleation processes have been investigated to provide the guideline for the selection of optimum surface pretreatment methods. In this chapter, substrate materials, surface pretreatment methods and their influences on diamond nucleation are discussed. 

P. J. Marto and W. M. Rohsenow, Effects of Surface Conditions on Nucleate Pool Boiling of Sodium, J. Heat Transfer (88) 196-204,1966. 

M. Uo, G Sjogren, A. Sundh, M. Goto, F. Watari, and M. Bergman. Effect of surface condition of dental zirconia ceramic (Denzir) On bonding. Dent. Mater J., 25, 626-31 (2006). 

Figure 17.1 Data from Gorum, A.E., Parker, E.R., and Pask, J.A. (1958) Effect of surface conditions on room-temperature ductility of ionic crystals , J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 41, 161.

Sreekmnari, K. R., Ozawa, M., Kikuchi, Y. (2000). Effect of surface condition on attachment of bacteria to stainless steel welds (materials, metallurgy weldability). Transactions of JWRI, 29,45-51. 

Effect of Surface Condition on Adhesion. In referring to the condition of a surface, we have in mind the surface cleanliness, i.e., the presence or absence of foreign substances adsorbed on the surface, such as surface-active materials and moisture. 

Pawel, S. J., DiStefano, J. R., and Manneschmidt, E. T., "Effect of Surface Condition and Heat Treatment on Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel in a Mercury Thermal Convection... 

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