Effect of pyrolysis

Pyrolysis products were also found to induce prophage X in lysogenic E. ooli K12, strain GY5027 (30), by Inductest III, which was developed by Moreau et al, (31) (Figure 2). The genotoxic effects of pyrolysis products on cultured mammalian cells were also investigated. Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, IQ and MelQ were found to induce diphtheria toxin-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster lung cells in the presence of S9 mix. The mutation frequencies were 33, 160, 40 and 38 per 106 survivors per Mg of Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2,... 

As outlined earlier, the rheological properties of pitch and mesophase pitch are important in the processing of these materials to carbon products. The rheology of isotropic pitch will be considered briefly and then the effects of pyrolysis to mesophase will be described. 

Ftg. 2.12. Steam cracking of naphtha. Effect of pyrolysis tube geometry on olefin yields. 

There are many ways in which the effects of pyrolysis may be gauged, one of the most informative of which is weight loss. Because... 

Figure 1. Effect of pyrolysis severity on ethylene and fuel oil yields for virgin and hydrogenated feedstocks. (A) Kerosene and (B) gas oil.

Kajii, H., Kawagishi, Y, Take, H. et al.. Optical and electrical properties of opal carhon rephca and effect of pyrolysis, J. Appl. Phys., 88, 758, 2000. 

The effects of pyrolysis on the electrocatalytic properties of the same three macrocycles dispersed in Vulcan XC-72 for 02 reduction were examined using thin porous electrodes applied to the carbon disk of an RRD E as sembly. Steady state polarization curves obtained at co = 2500 rpminO.l M NaOH and 0.05 M H2S04are shown in Figures 3.70 and 3.71. As is evident from the results presented therein, the activity of H2TMPP in both media (see solid squares) before and after pyrolysis was much lower than that of the metallated counterparts and fairly close to that of... 

After pyrolysis, the material exclusively contains carbon (and metal in the case of Ni-and Pd-gels) and traces of sodium. This was shown by infrared spectrum measurements no C-H, 0-H or C-0 bonds could be detected. X-ray spectra showed that nickel and palladium are in metallic state after pyrolysis. Fig. 2. shows isotherms relative to the same series of samples after pyrolysis (Clp-C6p). If the pH is not too high, the effect of pyrolysis is to increase the microporous volume (lengthening of the sharp increase of the adsorbed gas volume at low relative pressure) and to slightly decrease the total adsorbed gas volume and the size of the pores (hysteresis smaller and shifted to lower values of p/po). On the contrary, for higher pH (C5p and C6p), the adsorbed gas volume roughly drops, and the material becomes non porous. 

When the pH is not too high, the effect of pyrolysis is to develop the microporous volume Vdub increases from 0.15-0.20 cmVg to about 0.25-0.30 craIg in each series Sbet increases to 600-700 m /g. Vp slightly decreases and the maximum pore size decreases too samples that were micro-macroporous before pyrolysis become micro-mesoporous. The samples are denser as dbuik systematically increases after pyrolysis. The main effects of pyrolysis are then to expand the amount of micropores and to shrink the largest pores. 

Table III. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the naphthalene/2-methylnaphthalene ratio.

Pyrolysis of Phenylalanine. A. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature. B. Effect of Equimolar Addition of Tryptophan or Pyrrole (2903)... 

Kiyono M, Williams PJ, Koros WJ. Effect of pyrolysis atmosphere on separation performance of carbon molecular sieve membranes. 7 Afcmbr Sci 2010 359 2-10. 

K. M. Steel, W.J. Koros, An investigation of the effects of pyrolysis parameters on gas separation properties of carbon materials. Carbon 2005, 43 (9), 1843-1856. 

Nikolov, I., I. Vitanova, V. Najdenov, T. Milusheva, and T. Vitanov (1997). Effect of pyrolysis temperature of the catal54ic activity of active carbon -I- cobalt phthalocya-nines in sulfur dioxide oxidation by oxygen. J. Appl. Electrochem. 27, 77-82. 

D. Mocaer, R. Pailler, R. Naslain, C. Richard, J. P. Pillot, J. Dunogues, 0. Delverdier and M. Monthioux, Si-C-N ceramics with a high micro-structural stability elaborated from the pyrolysis of new polycarbosilazane precursors. Part III. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the nature and properties of oxygen-cured derived monofilaments, J. Mater. Sci., 28,2639-2653 (1993). 

Ramavathu LN, Maniam KK, Gopalram K, Chetty R (2012) Effect of pyrolysis temperature on cobalt phthalocyanine supported on carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction. J AppI Electrochem 42 945-951... 

As for the effect of pyrolysis atmosphere on the conversion of polysiloxanes, vacuum was preferred to Ar atmosphere to develop the correct composition and microstructure in the case of preparation of oxycarbide coating films (Colombo, 1994). 

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