Effect of occlusion

About half the calcium and magnesium present in plasma is protein bound, the remainder being the ionised form. During occlusion the ionised 

---

Honeywell-Nguyen, P.L., et al. 2003. The in vivo transport of elastic vesicles into human skin Effects of occlusion, volume and duration of application. J Control Release 90 243. 

Holm L, Ohman S, Bengtsson A, Hage-Hamsten M, Scheyrrius A Effectiveness of occlusive bedding in the treatment of atopic dermatitis — A placebo-controlled trial of 12 months duration. Allergy 2001 56 152-158. (Ib)... 

Qiao, G. L., Brook.s, J. D., and Riviere, J. E. (1997). Pcntachlorophcnol dermal absorption and di.sposition from soil in swine. Effects of occlusion and skin microorganism inhibition. To.xicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 147, 234-246,... 

Eckert B, Kucinski T, Neumaier-Probst E et al (2003) Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis in acute hemispheric stroke effect of occlusion type and fibrinolytic agent on recanahzation success and neurological outcome. Cerebrovasc Dis 15 258-263... 

R Aly. Effect of occlusion on microbial population and physical skin conditions. Semin Dermatol 1(2) 137-142, 1982. 

H Matsummura, K Oka, K Umekage, H Akita, J Kawai, Y Kitazawa, S Suda, et al. Effects of occlusion on human skin. Contact Dermatitis 33 231-235, 1995. 

Heiss, W.D., Hayakawa, T., and Waltz, A.G. (1976) Cortical neuronal function during ischemia. Effects of occlusion of one middle cerebral artery on single-unit activity in cats. Arch. Neurol., 33 813-820. 

The transport system of the sieve tubes is also a multiplet of generalized transport units (pTU) with the sieve plate pores as organismal capillaries. Though the sieve tubes are thin as such, the dependence of the hydraulic conductivity, on the fourth power of the radius, makes the distinction between them and the pores essential. The effects of occlusion on gw are difficult to calculate but the general features of the sieve tube system permit one to surmise that it has been made to cope with adverse hydrostatic gradients of variable but often large magnitudes. 

Kligman AM (1996) Hydration injury to human skin. In van der Wild PG, Maibach H (eds) The irritant contact dermatitis syndrome. CRC, Boca Raton, p 187 Lear JT, Sandhu G, English SC (1998) Hearing aid dermatitis a study of 20 consecutive patients. Contact Dermatitis 38 212 Lindberg M, Forslund B (1981) The effects of occlusion of the skin on the Langerhans cell and epidermal mononuclear cells. Acta Derm Venereol 61 201... 

Peikert JM, da NK, Zachary CB 1994 A reevaluation of the effect of occlusion on the trichloroacetic acid peel. Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology 20 660-665... 

Ryanodine, another plant alkaloid, can also open SR channels and thereby induce contraction. Ryanodine differs from caffeine in that it seems to have a larger effect on the closure rate constants than on opening rate constants. Thus it is often said in the literature that caffeine can open channels but ryanodine merely keeps them open. The actions of caffeine and ryanodine are mutually competitive (occlusive). However, they are experimentally completely independent of the effects of IP3. 

Lindsberg and Mattle ° recently analyzed published case series reporting on the outcome of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) after lAT or IV thrombolysis. In 420 BAO patients treated with IV thrombolysis (76) and lAT (344), death or dependency was equally common 78% (59 of 76) and 76% (260 of 344). Recanalization was achieved more frequently with lAT (225 of 344 65%) than with IV thrombolysis (40 of 76 53% p = 0.05), but survival rates after IV thrombolysis (38 of 76 50%) and lAT (154 of 344 45%) were equal (p = 0.48). A total of 24% of patients treated with lAT and 22% treated with IV thrombolysis reached good outcomes (p = 0.82). Without recanalization, the likelihood of achieving a good outcome was close to nil (2%). The authors conclude that recanalization occurs in more than half of BAO patients treated with lAT or IV thrombolysis, and 45-55% of survivors regain functional independence. They advised that hospitals not equipped for lAT should consider setting up IV thrombolysis protocols for BAO since the effect of IVT did not appear to be much different from the effect of lAT. 

KawaiN, Keep RE, Betz AL. Effects of hyperglycemia on cerebral blood flow and edema formation after carotid artery occlusion in Fischer 344 rats. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1997 70 34-36. 

Kiening KL. Schneider GH, Unterherg AE, Lanksch WR. Effect of tromethamine (THAM) on infarct volume following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Acta Neurochir 1997 70 188-190. 

Table 5.1 Effects of compound 231617 on infarct volume in the middle cerebral occlusion model of focal stroke...

In contrast to the deleterious effects of arginine described by Buisson, L-arginine was shown to decrease infarct size caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. L-Arginine is a precursor for NO synthesis by NOS. The authors attributed the protection to dilation of cerebral blood vessels by NO (Morikawa et 1992). These examples illustrate the difficulty that the NO villain/protector paradox presents to us. 

---