Editors Notes

Petroleum hydrocarbons are a mixture of many substances. The results of petroleum analysis depend as much on the analytical method as the petroleum. As long as everyone works to a common definition there is no problem. The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) convened in 1993 to develop scientifically defensible information for establishing soil cleanup levels that are protective of human health at petroleum contaminated sites. The TPHCWG compiled their data and analytical efforts into five volumes that can be accessed at http //www.aehs.com/publications/catalog/ contents/tph.htm  

The above represent the most widely available generic approach to hydrocarbon assessment. Risks from carcinogenic components (BTEX PAH) are assessed first as they usually drive die risks. The remaining petroleum hydrocarbons are assessed as a series of 13 fractions defined on the basis of Equivalent carbon (EC) numbers rather than carbon numbers . The EC number is related to the boiling point of individual compounds and retention time on a GC column. For example, the EC number of benzene is 6.5 because its boiling point and GC retention time are approximately halfway between those of 77-hexane (6-carbon chain) and 77-heptane (7-carbon chain). The TPHCWG chose the concept of EC numbers because these values are more logically related to compound mobility in the environment than carbon numbers. 

Volume 3 defines fractions of TPH that are expected to behave similarly in the environment. Analysis of environmental samples, fate and transport modeling, and risk assessment of petroleum contaminated sites is carried out in terms of these fractions. 

2Volume 5 integrates the findings of Volumes 1 to 4 into a risk based framework for development of assessment criteria at TPH contaminated sites. 

As this book was going to press, the GAMP Forum published a draft guide to 21 CFR 11. Copies are available through the GAMP web site— www.actwa.co.uk/gamp. 

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 11 Electronic Records Electronic Signatures (last revised 1 April 1999). 

Electronic Signatures (Manufacturing and Wholesaling). MCA MAIL 104, November/December. 

UK GAMP Forum. 1998. Supplier s Guide for Validation of Automated Systems in Pharmaceutical Manufacture, Version 3.0. Available from the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering. 

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In his preface to Volume 8 of Advances, published in 1953, M. L. Wolfrom, the founding editor, noted that Carbohydrate nomenclature has been an everpresent problem in this series. . and drew attention to the agreement between American and British carbohydrate chemists that resulted in the published British-American Rules of Carbohydrate Nomenclature. A revision of that document was published in 1962, to be followed seven years later by an internationally proposed set of guidelines for naming carbohydrates and their derivatives. 

The editors note with regret the passing of Laszld Mester on February 23, 1986. Mester worked extensively on hydrazine derivatives of sugars, and he contributed a notable article on the formazan reaction in Volume 13 of this series. 

Nathan, Peter and Martin E. P. Seligman, Editors Note , Prevention dr Treatment, Article 0002a (1998) http //www.joumals.apa.org/ prevention/volumei / pre0010002a.html NCAM, St John s Wort http //nccam.nih.gov/health/stjohnswort/ ataglance.htm... 

The editors note with regret the passing of our friend Edward J. Bourne on November 30th, 1974. 

In the introduction to Volume 1 of this series, the founding editors, J. N. Pitts, G. S. Hammond and W. A. Noyes, Jr. noted developments in a brief span of prior years that were important for progress in photochemistry flash photolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spin resonance. A quarter of a century later, in Volume 14 (1988), the editors noted that since then two developments had been of prime significance the emergence of the laser from an esoteric possibility to an important light source, and the evolution of computers to microcomputers in common laboratory use of data acquisition. These developments strongly influenced research on the dynamic behavior of the excited state and other transients. 

Editors Notes Effective at preventing CMV disease but more expensive than prophylactic ganciclovir. Immunoglobulin preparations have been shown to desensitize patients on the waiting list which allows transplantation. J- s o... 

Editors Notes Commonly affects cyclosporine level. May be useful for Candida UTI and esophageal candidiasis. Coadministration of terfenadine or cisapride is contraindicated due to an increased risk of prolonged QT intervals and torsade de pointes. However, both drugs have now been removed from the market. ... 

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