Echinacea isolation/structure

Polyunsaturated alkamides have been isolated from Aaronsohnia, Achillea, Anacyclus, and Echinacea species. Due to the structural similarity of alkamides to arachidonic acid, it is likely that alkamides act as competitive inhibitors of COX and LOX enzymes. At a concentration of 50 pg/ml, all twenty tested alkamides from Achillea and Echinacea species showed 21-... 

In spite of its great difference from the structural features of natural juvenile hormones, ( )-4,10-dimethyl-10-hydroxy-4,1 l-dodecadien-2-one (32), isolated by Jacobson and Redfern (1974) from the root of Echinacea angustifolia, exhibited a strong morphogenetic action. 

Because commercial drug preparations involving the roots of Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) were frequently adulterated with the roots of Par-thenium integrifolium, a reexamination of this source of insecticidal and immunostimulatory active material has been carried out. Five new alk-amides have been isolated, and their structures were determined as undec-2 ,4Z-dien-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide (114), dodeca-2 ,4Z-dien-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide (115), dodeca-2 ,4 ,10 -trien-8-ynoic acid isobutylamide (116), dodeca-2 ,4 ,8Z-trienoic acid isobutylamide (117), and dodeca-2 , 4Z-dien-8,10-diynoic acid 2-methylbutylamide (118) by MS, IR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques (96). (See Fig. 11.)... 

Da, and an acidic arabinogalactan, MW 75,000 Da, have been isolated [122-124]. The structure of these polysaccharides differs from those of the aerial parts, since cells in suspension culture possess exclusively primary cell wall components [125]. Detailed structural data on the immunomodulatory active polysaccharides from Echinacea are presented in the chapters by Wagner et al. [150] and Emmendorffer et al. in this volume [151]. 

Structures of polysaccharides EPS-XG (PS I) and EPS-AG (PS II) isolated from the herb of Echinacea purpurea. 

Structures of polysaccharides EP-XG and EP-AG isolated from tissue cultures of Echinacea purpurea. 

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