Earth reinforcement

W. Voskamp, F. van Vliet and J. Retzlaff in Landmarks in Earth Reinforcement, Eds., H. Ochiai, J. Otani, N. Yasufuku and K. Omine, Balkema, Lisse, Netherlands, 2001, 165. 

Graham DF, Space age materials come back to earth. Reinforced Plastics, 48-50, May 2001. 

Humphrey, D. N. and Rowe, R. K. (1991), Design of Reinforced Embankments - Recent Developments in the State-of-the-Art, State of the Art Paper, Session 8A on Earth Reinforcement, Geotechnical Engineering Congress 1991, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 21, ASCE, Vol. II, 1991, pp. 1006-1020. 

Kojima, K.,Tateyama,M.,Sakamoto,N. and Maruyama, O. (1996), Geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining wall using clay on a very soft ground for Hokuriku bullet train yard in Nagano. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement, K)mshu, Japan. Vol. 1, pp. 227-232. 

This chapter covers information applicable to zinc corrosion behavior in general. Chapter 2 covers corrosion in the atmosphere—which is the most important group of environments in which zinc is used. Attack is usually approximately linear with time, but often with some reduction of rate as protective films form. Many results are available, and tables have been prepared for the guidance of designers. Water corrosion follows in Chapter 3, with distinctions between hard and soft tap water (hot and cold), temperate and tropical seawater, and tidal and splash zones. Buried structures—together with a section on earth reinforcement—follow in Chapter 4, and conditions appropriate for zinc sacrificial anodes are included in both Chapters 3 and 4. 

Natural soils vary too widely in composition to permit very specific advice to be given, but sandy, well-aerated soils with a neutral or slightly alkaline pH are likely to cause only limited corrosion of zinc and its alloys. Zinc coatings will prevent pitting of steel in the soil and, even where the zinc coating is destroyed, the coated steel corrodes much less than do bare specimens. Control of backfill in earth reinforcement ensures that zinc or its alloys can be used satisfactorily. 

Table 4.5 Earth Reinforcement Minimum Steel Thickness (mm) to be Reserved for Corrosion Losses... 

Table 4.9 Established (12-20 years old) Examples of Earth Reinforcement... 

Li, G.X., Jie, YX. Jie, G.Z. 2001. Study on the critical heigth of fiber-reinforced slope by centrifuge test. In Landmarks in earth reinforcement, Proc. Int Symp Earth Reinforcement, Fukuoka, kyushu, Japan, Netherlands Balkema. 239-241. 

LaFlaive, E., October 5—7,1984. TEXOL already more than 50 successful apphcations. In Inti. Symp. on Theory and Practice of Earth Reinforcement, Fukuoka, Japan. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 541—546. 

Vogel, W., Alexiew, D., 2001. Railroads on piled embankments in Germany Milestone projects. Landmarks in Earth Reinforcement. Swets Zeitlinger, pp. 185—190. 

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