Earth mercury

Sulfur of Earth Mercury of Earth Salt of Earth... 

The other terrestrial planets show a variety of cmstal types, but none that are similar to that of the Earth. Mercury has an ancient, heavily... 

The inclination of Mercury s orbit to that of the ecliptic plane (the plane of Earth s orbit about the Sun) is 7.0°. This slight orbital tut dictates that when Mercury is at inferior conjunction it is only rarely silhouetted against the Sun s disk as seen from Earth. On those rare occasions when Earth, Mercury, and the Sun are in perfect alignment, however, a solar transit of Mercury can take place, and a terrestrial observer will see Mercury move in front of, and across the Sun s disk. A transit of Mercury can only occur when the planet is at inferior conjunction during the months of May and November. During these months Earth is near the line along which the orbit of Mercury intersects the ecliptic plane— this is the line of nodes for Mercury s orbit. Approximately a dozen solar transits of Mercury occur each century, and the final transit of the twentieth century occurred on 15 November 1999. 

The synodic period measures the amount of time it takes for a planet to return to the same point in the sky as observed from Earth. Mercury has the shortest synodic period of 116 days while Mars has the longest of 780 days. The synodic periods of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are similar, slightly less than 400 days for each. 

The planet Jupiter has a surfece temperature of 140 K and a mass 318 times that of Earth. Mercury (the planet) has a surface temperature between 600 K and 700 K and a mass 0.05 times that of Earth. On which planet is the atmosphere more likely to obey the ideal-gas law Explain. 

It had long been regarded as self-evident that combustion represented the decomposition of a material into simpler substances. In 1669 Becher combined this idea with his suggestion that all bodies were composed of air, water and three earths, which he called terra pinguis, terra mercurialis and terra lapidea (fatty earth, mercurial earth and stony earth). Becher proposed that terra pinguis escaped when combustion occurred. 

Estienne de Clave (dates unknown) followed Davisson at the Jardin du Roi. In 1641 he attacked the Aristotelian four elements and replaced them by Basso s five elements water or phlegm, earth, mercury or spirit, sulphur or oil, and salt. In his Paradoxes he attacks the opinions of Aristotle, Theophrastos, Avicenna, Cardan, Fallopius, Agricola, etc., on the formation of stones and metals in the preface he says he proposed to write forty treatises giving the fruits of his researches of over thirty years. ... 

The absence of a strong field on Venus, despite its otherwise terrestrial bulk properties, is probably consistent with the dynamo mechanism. The planet rotates about a factor of 250 times more slowly than Earth. Mercury rotates slowly and is too small to support a strong convective core, but it does have a very detectable dipole moment of 2.4 X 10 G cm. Its field is very small, about 0.002 G, and is nearly aligned and probably a relic from the earlier stages of planetary evolution. Mars rotates with nearly the same period as Earth, but it is smaller and may only support a very small convective core. Mars has displayed vulcanic activity in the past, evidence for core or mantle convection, but the planet does not possess even a very weak intrinsic magnetic field. 

Group IIB and know that this means the group of elements zine. cadmium and mercury, whilst Group IIA refers to the alkaline earth metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium and strontium. 

At the sorts of temperatures that exist normally on earth, all matter is made up from about 90 elements. Most of these elements are familiar, such as solid iron, liquid mercury, and gaseous helium. 

Laser isotope separation techniques have been demonstrated for many elements, including hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sHicon, sulfur, chlorine, titanium, selenium, bromine, molybdenum, barium, osmium, mercury, and some of the rare-earth elements. The most significant separation involves uranium, separating uranium-235 [15117-96-1], from uranium-238 [7440-61-1], (see Uranium and uranium compounds). The... 

Reduction to Gaseous Metal. Volatile metals can be reduced and easily and completely separated from the residue before being condensed to a hquid or a soHd product in a container physically separated from the reduction reactor. Reduction to gaseous metal is possible for 2inc, mercury, cadmium, and the alkah and aLkaline-earth metals, but industrial practice is significant only for 2inc, mercury, magnesium, and calcium. 

Rubidium metal alloys with the other alkaU metals, the alkaline-earth metals, antimony, bismuth, gold, and mercury. Rubidium forms double haUde salts with antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, thorium, and 2iac. These complexes are generally water iasoluble and not hygroscopic. The soluble mbidium compounds are acetate, bromide, carbonate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, formate, hydroxide, iodide. 

Strontium [7440-24-6] Sr, is in Group 2 (IIA) of the Periodic Table, between calcium and barium. These three elements are called alkaline-earth metals because the chemical properties of the oxides fall between the hydroxides of alkaU metals, ie, sodium and potassium, and the oxides of earth metals, ie, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. Strontium was identified in the 1790s (1). The metal was first produced in 1808 in the form of a mercury amalgam. A few grams of the metal was produced in 1860—1861 by electrolysis of strontium chloride [10476-85-4]. 

Zinc (76ppm of the earth s crust) is about as abundant as rubidium (78 ppm) and slightly more abundant than copper (68 ppm). Cadmium (0.16 ppm) is similar to antimony (0.2 ppm) it is twice as abundant as mercury (0.08 ppm), which is itself as abundant as silver (0.08 ppm) and close to selenium (0.05 ppm). These elements are chalcophiles (p. 648) and so, in the reducing atmosphere prevailing when the earth s crust solidified, they separated out in the sulfide phase, and their most important ores are therefore sulfides. Subsequently, as rocks were weathered, zinc was leached out to be precipitated as carbonate, silicate or phosphate. 

The weight of the earth s atmosphere pushing down on each unit of surface constitutes atmospheric pressure, which is 14.7 psi at sea level. This amount of pressure is called one atmosphere. Because the atmosphere is not evenly distributed about earth, atmospheric pressure can vary, depending upon geographic location. Also, obviously, atmospheric pressure decreases with higher altitude. A barometer using the height of a column of mercury or other suitable liquid measures atmospheric pressure. 

Our solar system consists of the Sun, the planets and their moon satellites, asteroids (small planets), comets, and meteorites. The planets are generally divided into two categories Earth-like (terrestrial) planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars and Giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Little is known about Pluto, the most remote planet from Earth. 

It is therefore possible to determine cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ in the presence of the above-mentioned metals by masking with an excess of potassium or sodium cyanide. A small amount of iron may be masked by cyanide if it is first reduced to the iron(II) state by the addition of ascorbic acid. Titanium(IV), iron(III), and aluminium can be masked with triethanolamine mercury with iodide ions and aluminium, iron(III), titanium(lV), and tin(II) with ammonium fluoride (the cations of the alkaline-earth metals yield slightly soluble fluorides). 

A mercury cathode finds widespread application for separations by constant current electrolysis. The most important use is the separation of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals, Al, Be, Mg, Ta, V, Zr, W, U, and the lanthanides from such elements as Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn, Mo, Cd, Cu, Sn, Bi, Ag, Ge, Pd, Pt, Au, Rh, Ir, and Tl, which can, under suitable conditions, be deposited on a mercury cathode. The method is therefore of particular value for the determination of Al, etc., in steels and alloys it is also applied in the separation of iron from such elements as titanium, vanadium, and uranium. In an uncontrolled constant-current electrolysis in an acid medium the cathode potential is limited by the potential at which hydrogen ion is reduced the overpotential of hydrogen on mercury is high (about 0.8 volt), and consequently more metals are deposited from an acid solution at a mercury cathode than with a platinum cathode.10... 

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