E. coli enterotoxin

The heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin, whose gene is carried on a plasmid, is a close relative of cholera toxin11 0 and also catalyzes ADP ribosylation of arginine 201 of the Gsa subunit.111 Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough, forms a similar toxin that attacks the inhibitory regulatory protein G v as well as transducin and inactivates them by ADP ribosylation. Diphtheria toxin (Box 29-A), the exotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the toxin from Clostridium botulinum also catalyze ADP-ribosylation reactions.k/1 ... 

A variety of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) involved with the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity and transducin in the retina (Section 2.3.1) are substrates for ADP-ribosylation. Cholera toxin and E. coli enterotoxin LT ADP-ribosylate, and hence activate, the stimulatory G-protein of adenylate cyclase, whereas pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylates, and inactivates the inhibitory G-protein of adenylate cyclase. The result of ADP-ribosylation by either mechanism is increased adenylate cyclase activity, and an increase in intracellular cAMP and the opening of membrane calcium channels. Again, there are endogenous ADP-ribosyltransferases that modify the same G-proteins, but in a controlled manner (Moss et al., 1997, 1999). 

Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Korea Plastid accumulation of B subunit of E. coli enterotoxin 115... 

Iowa State University E. coli enterotoxin B subunit, porcine alpha-lactalbumin 271, 272... 

The heat-labile toxin B subunit of E. coli (LTB) [398], hepatitis B surface antigen [404], respiratory syncytial virus F protein [258], measles virus hemagglutinin [180], and Norwalk virus capsid protein [240, 405, 406] have each been successfully expressed in plants and delivered orally in animals or humans to determine their im-munoprophylactic activity. The first account of a human clinical trial of oral vaccine based on an E. coli enterotoxin as... 

McEwan, G. and M. Lucas. The effect of E. coli STa enterotoxin on the absorption of weakly dissociable drugs from rat proximal jejunum in vivo, Br.J. Pharmacol. 1990, 101, 937-943... 

Representatives of medium-size analytes detected by affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided modes include food-safety related analytes such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B , botulinum toxin, and E. coli... 

FIG. 30. The best ligands against E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin. 

J. C. Pickens, E. A. Merritt, M. Ahn, C. L. M. J. Verlinde, W. G. J. Hoi, and E. Fan, Anchor-based design of improved cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin receptor binding antagonists that display multiple binding modes, Chem. Biol., 9 (2002) 215-224. 

J. P. Thompson and C.-L. Schengrund, Oligosaccharide-derivatized dendrimers Defined multivalent inhibitors of the adherence of the cholera toxin B subunit and the heat labile enterotoxin of E. coli to GM1, Glycoconjug. J., 14 (1997) 837-845. 

Savarino SJ, Fasano A, Watson J, Martin BM, Levine MM, Guandalini S, Guerry P Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 represents another subfamily of E. coli heat-stable toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 90 3093-3097. 

E. coli B subunit of the heat labile enterotoxin (LTB) fused to an immu-nocontraceptive epitope Tomato fruit and leaves No immunogenicity assays performed. 91... 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, E. coli infections, Listeria monocytogenes, shigellosis, Vibrio infections, yersiniosis, ingestion of bacterial toxins such as staphylococcal enterotoxins or botulinum toxin. 

Enterotoxin Toxins of bacterial origin that affect the intestines, causing diarrhea (e.g., toxins from Vibrio cholera, Staphylococcus, Shigella, E. Coli, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas). 

There are a large number of proteins that share this designation. Perhaps the best known is the heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli that catalyzes the ADP-ribosyla-tion of a number of proteins. 

All pathogenic E. coli stains follow a similar strategy of infection by colonizing the intestinal mucosal cells. The mode in which illness occurs varies between the different pathogenic E. coli types. ETEC and EaggEC produce enterotoxin, EIEC invades the epithelial cells with EPEC and EHEC adhering to the cell and modifying cellular activity. 

TMP-SMX is also used in the treatment of infection caused by ampicillin-resistant Shigella spp. and for antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp.. The combination is also effective for covering the carrier state of Salmonella typhi, the agent of typhoid fever, and other Salmonella spp.. Successful treatment of traveler s diarrhea due to susceptible E. coli is another advantage of the use of this combination. The combination is not indicated in the therapy of enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains such as 0157 H7 because of the risk of developing hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with the release of the cytotoxic enterotoxin by the drugs. 

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