E85 ethanol

Alternative fuels Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), Ethanol, 85% (E85), Ethanol, 95% (E95), Methanol, 85% (M85), Methanol, neat (MlOO), Compressed natural gas (CNG), Liquefied natural gas (LNG), Biodiesel (BD), Hydrogen, and Electricity... 

E85 Ethanol/gasoline mixture containing 85% denatured ethanol and 15% gasoline, by volume. 

E85 - Ethanol 85% Unleaded gasoline 15% Ethylene oxide 10% in HCEC 124 Eormaldehyde 37% w/10% Methanol Gasohol - Unleaded gasoline 90% ethanol 10% Green liquor... 

The nation s first E85 (85% ethanol) fueling station opened in La Habra, CA in 1990, operated by the California Renewable Fuels Council. 

Bioethanol is the largest biofuel today and is used in low 5%—10% blends with gasoline (E5, E10), but also as E85 in flexible-fuel vehicles. Conventional production is a well known process, based on the enzymatic conversion of starchy biomass (cereals) into sugars, and fermentation of 6-carbon sugars with final distillation of ethanol to fuel grade. 

For the calculation of WTW energy requirements and GHG emissions we have made the simplification that the fuel consumption of a vehicle fuelled with ethanol (e.g., E85) is the same as that of a vehicle fuelled with pure gasoline. Methanol is used in fuel cell vehicles with on-board fuel processors. Table 7.2 shows the properties of different transportation fuels. 

Cold weather starting for ethanol fuels is poor unless blended with gasoline or some other starting fluid such as dimethyl ether or isopentane. The minimum starting temperature for neat ethanol fuel is about 60°F (15.6°F). In E95, E85, and E10 blends, the starting problems are minimized. 

FIGURE 16.40 Calculated ozone production per vehicle mile traveled for various car-fuel combinations. RFG = reformulated gasoline M85 = 85% methanol, 15% gasoline E85 = 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline CNG = compressed natural gas (adapted from Black et al., 1998). 

E85 is used to represent a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. The gasoline is added primarily for cold-start purposes, and contributes to greater flame luminosity. 

The emission characteristics of E85 vehicles are not as well documented as for M85 vehicles however, Ford tested E85 in their 1996 model Taurus flexible fuel vehicle and found essentially no difference in tailpipe emissions compared to using the standard emissions testing gasoline (Indolene). In this test, the engine-out emissions of HC and NOx were lower than for gasoline, but ethanol s lower exhaust gas temperatures were believed to decrease catalyst efficiency slightly... 

M85 or E85 created using this gasoline will probably be between 62 kPa (9 psi) and 69 kPa (10 psi). To compensate, the gasoline used to produce M85 or E85 will contain additional butane and/or pentanes to counteract the damping effect of the low vapor pressure of methanol and ethanol. 

Little work has been done to measure the octane value of M85 and E85, but what has been done has shown their octane values to be only slightly degraded from pure methanol and ethanol [2.8], The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has developed specifications (D 5797 and D 5798) for fuel methanol and fuel ethanol [2.9,2.10]. Both specifications define three classes of... 

Ethanol is widely acknowledged to be less aggressive toward metals and elastomers than methanol, but little research and development has been devoted to the specific problems posed by ethanol. Ethanol typically has more water in it than methanol (an artifact of production) which may affect solubility of contaminants and corrosion potential. One ethanol contaminant that can arise from production is acetic acid, which is water-soluble and will corrode some automotive fuel system components. For instance, General Motors found that E85 caused more corrosion in fuel pumps than M85, presumably because of a higher level of dissolved contaminants [3.2]. Since much more development has been devoted to compatibility with methanol fuels, the general approach for ethanol has been to use materials developed for methanol, even though they may be over-engineered. ... 

Since the vapor space in ethanol tanks will be flammable more frequently than for gasoline (neat ethanol only—E85 should not present a difference in comparison to gasoline), flame arresters are recommended in the vent line from the tank. Most conservation vents can be ordered with flame arresters built in, or they can be added to the vent line in addition. Unlike methanol, conservation vents made from aluminum should not experience corrosion from ethanol vapors and should be acceptable. 

E85 A blend of 85 volume percent ethanol and 15 volume percent gasoline—the gasoline provides cold-start and safety benefits. 

Yet despite the millions of vehicles on the road that can run on E85 and billions of dollars in federal subsidies to participating refiners, many oil companies seem unenthusiastic about the adoption of the higher ethanol mix. E85 requires separate gasoline pumps, trucks and storage tanks, as well as substantial cost to the oil companies (the pumps can alone cost about 200,000 per gas station to install). Many drivers who have tried filling up with E85 once revert to regular unleaded when they find as much as a 25% loss in fuel economy when burning the blend. 

Ethanol (E85) Hydroqen Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane, LPG) Methanol (M85)... 

The ethanol portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85) consumed by the transportation sector. 

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