Dynasty

The earliest remaining example of painting on a fabric support is from the twelfth dynasty in Egypt. In Europe, although the technique was known, these supports were not frequently used until the Renaissance, when the increasing size of paintings resulted in a tremendous rise in the popularity of canvas supports, a popularity which has lasted until the present. The fabric used almost exclusively by western painters was linen in the Orient silk (qv)... 

By 1819, there was sufficient pressure for Parliament to appoint the first of a whole dynasty of committees "to consider how far persons using steam engines and furnaces could work them in a manner less prejudicial to public health and comfort." This committee confirmed the practicability of smoke prevenfion, as so many succeeding committees were to do, but as was often again to be experienced, nothing was done. 

A crude process of extraction of urushiol from the tree Rhus vernicifera was used by the Chinese during the Chou dynasty of 1122-249 BC, and the process was systematised by the Japanese. The tree is tapped at about the 10th year of cultivation by a lateral sloping incision into the bark during June to September. The sap is white to grayish in color, but on exposure to air turns yellow-brown and then black. The crude sap contains approximately 70% urushiol, 4% gum, 2% albuminous materials, and 24% water. It is stirred and filtered and heated to reduce the moisture level [138] and finally stored in air-tight containers. 

The utilization of combustible solid materials in propulsion devices is by no means a modern development. There is evidence that the first rockets were used in India around 2000 b.c., and the Chinese are known to have experimented with pellatized gun powder in rockets during the Tang dynasty... 

Tu-ku T ao. [Tan fang chien tuan], A Sung dynasty alchemical treatise "Outline of alchemical prescriptions". .. translated from the Chinese by Fung Chia-Loh and H. B. Collier. J West China Border Res Soc 9 (1937) 199-209. 

In ancient times the Chinese buried jade with their dead in the belief that the stone would prevent decomposition of the corpse. During the Han Dynasty (third century b.c.e. - third century c.e.), for example, pieces of jade were placed in each of the body orifices to ward off decay. It is ironic, there-... 

Safflower, also known as bastard saffron, is a yellow dye that has been used for well over three millennia, having been identified in fabrics from the Egyptian twelfth dynasty. It is derived from the safflower plant, carthamus tinctoria, native to southern Asia and the Middle East. The coloring matter in the plants is a mixture of two components one is yellow, known as safflower yellow B the other, carthamin, is red. Safflower yellow B dissolves in water when fresh safflower flowers are washed with acidulated water. Evaporating the water from the filtered solution leaves the dye as a residue in the form of a powder. Following removal of the yellow component, the red constituent of safflower, carthamin, can be extracted from the flowers by washing them with hot water. In the East, carthamin was widely used in the past, mainly for making cosmetic preparations. 

Panagiotakopulu, E. (1999), An examination of biological materials from coprolites from XVIII Dynasty Amarna, Egypt, /. Archaeol. Sci. 26(5), 547-551. 

Bisset, N.G., Bruhn, J.G., Curtos, S., Holmstedt, B., Nyman, U. and Zenk, M.H. (1994). Was opium known in 18th dynasty An examination of materials from the tomb of the chief royal architect Kha. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 41 99-114. 

Thus fell the Babylonish empire, after having subsisted two hundred and nine years —- the staff of the wicked, and the sceptre of the rulers was broken1, a new dynasty was--established, and the kingdom was given to the Medes and Persians. 

The Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit contains one of the largest resources of Cu and Au in the world. The deposit consists of two zones Pebble West, discovered by Cominco America in 1989, and Pebble East, discovered in 2005 by Northern Dynasty Minerals Inc. (NDM), who began exploring the area in 2001. In 2007, NDM and Anglo American formed the Pebble Limited Partnership. The West and East zones contain a combined resource of 72 billion pounds of Cu, 94 million ounces of Au, and 4.8 billion pounds of Mo (NDM 2009). 

Northern Dynasty Minerals 2009. http //www. northerndynastyminerals. com email receptionist pebblepartnership.com Piper, A.M. 1944. A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analyses. American Geophysical Union Transactions, 25, 914-923. 

As far as we know, the oldest recording of a stellar explosion (at least, this is the way it is usually interpreted) was engraved on an animal bone by someone in China in 1300 bc On the seventh day of the month, a great new star appeared in the company of Antares. The Sung Dynasty may proudly claim to have recorded three supernovas in its celestial registers, dating to ad 1006, 1054 (a famous event) and 1181. 

The Chinese are considered as leaders in using natural products for healing. The oldest compilation of Chinese herbs is Shen Nung Pen Ts ao, which lists 385 materials. Pen Ts ao Ma catalogue, written by Li-Chen during the Ming Dynasty, (1573—1620) mentions 1898 herbal drugs and 8160 prescriptions. 

Chinese legend states that the first herbal formulary was developed by an emperor around 2700 BC. The written record of a Chinese herbal formulary comes from the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). 

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