Dynamical medicine

From Pharmacogenomics and Systems Biology to Personalized Care A Framework of Systems and Dynamical Medicine... 

Key words Biomarkers, Complex adaptive systems (CASs), Dynamical diseases, Dynamical medicine,... 

Fig. 1 A framework of systems and dynamical medicine from addressing the properties of complex adaptive systems (CASs) to the achievement of P4 medicine...

Systems and Dynamical Medicine Targeting the Spatial and Temporal Complexity... 

Fig. 2 Systems and dynamical medicine for holistic care the integration of the spatial and temporal dimensions...

In summary of the discussion above, systemic analyses are needed to detect patterns across multiple scales in both the spatial (e.g., molecules to cells to tissues) and temporal (e.g., nanoseconds to hours to years) dimensions. Based on such understanding, systems and dynamical medicine can be developed with the emphasis on the whole systems that change over time to address the nonlinearity and interconnectivity toward a holistic and proactive care. Here, the word systems underscores the concept of holism, and the term of dynamical medicine highlights the variations with the interwoven and integration of the spatial and temporal scopes see Fig. 2). 

Conclusion and Future Perspectives Systems and Dynamical Medicine as the Root of the P4 Medicine... 

Systems and dynamical medicine can provide the root for the achievement of predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine [64], By addressing the CASs properties in humans, network and dynamical models can be developed to meet the theoretical and technological challenges, with the approaches targeting the disease complexity of multiple types at multiple stages [65]. 

Key words Bioinformatics, Biomarkers, Data mining, Decision support, Dynamical medicine, Health... 

In summary, bioinformatics plays an indispensable role in the development of systems and dynamical medicine by translating systems biology and pharmacogenomics studies into patient-centric therapeutics. Bioinformatics is essential in finding the spatiotemporal patterns in pharmacogenomics, including the time-series... 

The steroids constitute a group of structurally related compounds that are widely distributed both in the plant and the animal kingdom. The basic nucleus of these physiologically potent and biochemically dynamic medicinal compounds do possess a more or less similar stereochemical relationship. The steroids, in gemeal, have been found to contain either the partly or completely hydrogenated 17H-cyclopenta-phenanthrene nucleus. 

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