Dynamic range upper limit

Mass analyzer Resolving power (xlO3) Mass accuracy (ppm) m z range (upper limit) (xlO3) Acquisition speed (Hz) Linear dynamic range Price... 

RSD for upper concentration of linear dynamic range—RSD for low concentration of linear dynamic range. h Limit of detection given in molarity of original analyte sample. 

The upper dynamic range is limited by the amount of charge that can be quantitively stored in a single pixel well. Over-illumination of a pixel causes the charge to spill over into surrounding pixel wells, a phenomenon known as "blooming". 

For CEMs the linear dynamic range is limited at the upper end by the maximum count rate capability for versions designed for use in pulse counting mode, or by maximum linear output current for those designed for... 

However, much of the relaxation is spread over a broad range of long times-out to and beyond the 40 ns upper limit of the experimental time range. Over the three decades in time that rue observed, the dynamics are logarithmic in time, i.e. the Stokes shift S(t) is given by S(i) = Sn + A0 log,0(t// ). Previous results have shown that this very unusual logarithmic relaxation is common to unmodified DNA, independent of the sequence of bases [7]. In a recent paper, we discuss the important role of counterions [8]. However, they do not cause the logarithmic dynamics, nor does their role vary between the samples examined here. 

The attenuation of the optical signal by a monolayer is small and the upper limit on S/N is usually determined by the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converters (ADC) (9). A simple method to diminish the ADC limitation, and improve the S/N ratio would be to increase the amount of sample probed by the beam. Since the ADC peak-to-peak noise level for a single scan is -10-3 absorbance it may be necessary to average several... 

For all practical purposes, the upper limit of quantitation is the point where the calibration curve becomes nonlinear. This point is called the limit of linearity (LOL). These can be seen from the calibration curve presented in Figure 1.3. Analytical methods are expected to have a linear dynamic range (LDR) of at least two orders of magnitude, although shorter ranges are also acceptable. 

Molecular dynamics calculations of Hoover and Ree (25) have indicated that a fluid-solid transition occurs in a system of hard spheres even in the absence of attractive forces. The fluid exists for particle volume fractions up to a value rj = 0.49 and at this point, a solid phase with ij = 0.55 is predicted to coexist in equilibrium with the fluid phase. When the particle volume fraction lies in the range 0.55 < jj < 0.74, the solid phase is stable. The upper limit for ij corresponds to the density at closest packing for a face-centered-cubic (fee) arrangement of the particles. 

There are three important ways by which capillary pressure affects the dynamics of dispersion formation and disappearance the lower and upper limits on the range of capillary numbers over which capillary snap-off can occur in homogenous media, and an upper limit on the capillary number above which lamellae are unstable and droplets quickly coalesce. 

One of the first UV detectors suitable for use with packed LC columns was described in 1966 by Horvath and Lipsky [4] and about a year afterward Kirkland [5] described a miniaturized version of the detector in fact, sensor design has changed little since that time. The cell was 10 mm long and 1 mm ID. having a total volume of about 7.5 pi. Kirkland claimed a noise level of 0.0002 absorbance units, and an upper limit of linear dynamic range of 1.2 absorbance units, which was equivalent to a concentration of about 10 g/ml. This gives a... 

---