Dynamic range limit

The LIMS technique is rarely used for quantitative elemental analysis, since other techniques such as EPMA, AES or SIMS are usually more accurate. The limitations of LIMS in this respect can be ascribed to the lack of a generally valid model to describe ion production from solids under very brief laser irradiation. Dynamic range limitations in the LIMS detection systems are also present, and will be discussed below. 

Dynamic range Limited by photoplates (graded exposures) Very wide Wide Wide... 

Table 4 illustrates the use of the CAR technique to develop CL kinetic-based determinations for various analytes in different fields. As can be seen, the dynamic range, limit of detection, precision, and throughput (—80-100 samples/ h) are all quite good. All determinations are based on the use of the TCPO/ hydrogen peroxide system by exception, that for p-carboline alkaloids uses TCPO and DNPO. A comparison of the analytical figures of merit for these alkaloids reveals that DNPO results in better sensitivity and lower detection limits. However, it also leads to poorer precision as a result of its extremely fast reactions with the analytes. Finally, psychotropic indole derivatives with a chemical structure derived from tryptamines have also been determined, at very low concentrations, by CAR-CLS albeit following derivatization with dansyl chloride. 

Zook, D.R. Bruins, A.P. On cluster ions, ion transmission, and linear dynamic range limitations in electrospray (ionspray) mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 162, 129-147. 

Consequences of the dynamic range limit are well-illustrated in Figure 5. The normal broad-band FT/ICR mass spectrum of perfluoro-tri-n-butylamine exhibits several strong peaks. Simple expansion of the vertical scale renders some of the small peaks visible, but their presence and quantitation is made difficult by the Coulomb broadening and overlap from abundant ions of nearby m/z-ratios. 

The main characteristics describing the performance of SPR (bio)sensors include sensitivity, linearity, resolution, accuracy, reproducibility, dynamic range, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. 

Analytical Strategies to Overcome the Mixture Complexity and Dynamic Range Limitations Associated with... 

One important electrochemical technology where diamond electrodes have made a significant impact is in the area of electroanalysis. CVD diamond offers advantages over other electrodes, especially sp carbon (e.g., glassy carbon), in terms of linear dynamic range, limit of detection, response time, response precision, and response stability. Some of the reported applications of diamond in electroanalysis are highlighted below. Unless stated otherwise, all the diamond electrodes mentioned below are boron-doped, microcrystalline thin films deposited on a conducting substrate (e.g.. Si). 

Among these three conditions, only the first approach or its variations was used widely in practice. Accordingly, a total ion current chromatogram of each individual molecular ion can be extracted (i.e., selected-ion monitoring) from the recorded mass spectra in the full MS mode from an HPLC run. Indeed, many ions of interest can be extracted simultaneously in this way [51]. To perform quantitative analysis of lipids, the linear dynamic range, limit of detection, and calibration curves of the molecular species of interest are generally predetermined. Thus, the reconstituted ion peak area of each species can be compared to a standard curve obtained under identical experimental conditions. 

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