Dynamic range lower limit

This voltage is digitized. The dynamic range is limited at the lower end by the dark current of the photomultiplier and at the high end by saturation at the last dynode. 

Lysergic acid methylpropylamide Lethal dose-50 The dose of a drug that kills half of the test population Like dissolves like Linear dynamic range Lower explosive limit same as LEL, lower flammability range Lower flammability range Ligand field theory Liquid/liquid extraction such as performed in a separatory funnel or Soxh-let extraction unit Limit of detection... 

Further, the data showed that the optical sensors exhibit satisfactory lifetime. Figure 10.18b shows that the sensors fabricated in May 2001 continued to be functional for three years (at the time of report) in sensing hydrogen at the lower detection limit of 0.1% H2 in air. Although the response time has increased and the dynamic range of coloration has decreased as compared to its original performance, but the sensor itself is still functional. 

Table 4 illustrates the use of the CAR technique to develop CL kinetic-based determinations for various analytes in different fields. As can be seen, the dynamic range, limit of detection, precision, and throughput (—80-100 samples/ h) are all quite good. All determinations are based on the use of the TCPO/ hydrogen peroxide system by exception, that for p-carboline alkaloids uses TCPO and DNPO. A comparison of the analytical figures of merit for these alkaloids reveals that DNPO results in better sensitivity and lower detection limits. However, it also leads to poorer precision as a result of its extremely fast reactions with the analytes. Finally, psychotropic indole derivatives with a chemical structure derived from tryptamines have also been determined, at very low concentrations, by CAR-CLS albeit following derivatization with dansyl chloride. 

Accuracy, precision, and linearity of standards — The linear dynamic range was established as 10.22 pg/mL to 2.037 ng/mL with coefficient of determination (r2) below 0.996190 when using 1/x2 weighing for three consecutive accuracy and precision runs. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was accurate (inter-run mean bias = 1.1%) and precise (inter-run mean CV = 14.1%). Three levels of QCs were prepared. The inter-run mean bias varied from -4.3 to 1.0% and the inter-run mean CV varied from 4.6 to 6.6% for all QC levels. 

There are certain limitations on the range of usefulness of pitot tubes. With gases, the differential is very small at low velocities e.g., at 4.6 m/s (15.1 ft/s) the differential is only about 1.30 mm (0.051 in) of water (20°C) for air at 1 atm (20°C), which represents a lower limit for 1 percent error even when one uses a micromanometer with a precision of 0.0254 mm (0.001 in) of water. Equation does not apply for Mach numbers greater than 0.7 because of the interference of shock waves. For supersonic flow, local Mach numbers can be calculated from a knowledge of the dynamic and true static pressures. The free stream Mach number (MJ) is defined as the ratio of the speed of the stream (V ) to the speed of sound in the free stream ... 

Figure 1 plots the total dynamic Stokes shift of normal DNA (Sequence 1, Table 1). The Stokes shift of coumarin in ethanol is also shown for comparison. The total magnitude of the relaxation seen in the interior of DNA is surprisingly large-1650 cm 1 observed, with more possible outside our time range versus 2000 cm 1 in ethanol, a very polar solvent. A substantial fraction of the total relaxation (1000 cm"1 or 60% of the observed shift) occurs before 40 ps, the lower limit of the experimental time range. 

The results obtained for this ALP test demonstrate that this am-perometric microchip platform has a good sensitivity (limit of detection lower than 0.1 pM for ALP) and that it works over a large dynamic range (at least four orders of magnitude in the present case). 

The dynamic range of the TRF-ELISA covers IgG concentrations from 5 to lOOng/mL [108]. Detection limits of more than one magnitude lower (0.1 ng/mL) can be obtained with commercially available time-resolving microplate readers. 

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