Emulsion dyeing

Comparison of Deposition of Oil Soluble Dye Emulsion of Treated and Untreated Cloth 2... 

Dyeing. Emulsions are most readily and consistently colored by dyes soluble in the continuous phase. 

Dyeing Emulsions are most readily and consistently coloured by dyes soluble in the continuous phase (e.g. methylene blue for water or fuschin for oil) [6]. 

When the ethoxy group content is 45.5—49%, it is used as a plastic. Helmets and tools are made from this. There is a compatibility with processed rosin and drying oils. The properties that make the solvent desorption good make this a good product to mix rotogravure ink, flexo graphic ink, print-dyeing emulsion inks with other resins. 

Inoue, M. Hair dye emulsions containing water-soluble direct dyes. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2008074775,2008 Chem. Abstr. 2008,148,386508. 

Uses Dispersant for low color applies., wet grinding of pigments and dyes, emulsion polymerization, agric., concrete, tanning, herbicides, pesticides, pitch, clay disps., deinking, coal water slurries, carbon bik, iron oxides, battery extenders water reducer for metal oxides... 

An emulsion may be defined as a mixture of particles of one liquid with some second liquid. The two common types of emulsions are oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/0), where the term oil is used to denote the water-insoluble fiuid. These two types are illustrated in Fig. XIV-1, where it is clear that the majority or outer phase is continuous, whereas the minority or inner phase is not. These two emulsion types are distinguished by their ability to disperse oil or water-soluble dyes, their dilution with oil or water, and their conductivity (O/W emulsions have much higher conductivity than do W/0 ones see Ref. 1 for reviews). 

Sensitizers as well as desensitizers form a reversal oxidoreduction system with silver halides, according to both pH and pAg of the photographic emulsion. But besides the specific influence of the emulsion, the efficiency of a sensitizing dye depends on many other factors such as its adsorption, its spectral absorption, the energetic transfer yield, the dye aggregate to the silver halide, and finally on its desensitizing property in... 

Itaconic acid is a specialty monomer that affords performance advantages to certain polymeric coatings (qv) (see Polyesters, unsaturated). Emulsion stabihty, flow properties of the formulated coating, and adhesion to substrates are improved by the acid. Acrylonitrile fibers with low levels of the acid comonomer exhibit improved dye receptivity which allows mote efficient dyeing to deeper shades (see Acrylonitrile polymers Fibers, acrylic) (10,11). Itaconic acid has also been incorporated in PAN precursors of carbon and graphite fibers (qv) and into ethylene ionomers (qv) (12). 

In most color photographic products, organic compounds such as couplers or redox dye releasers are added to the melted emulsions before coating. These compounds are essential to the development reactions that produce the dye molecules composing color images. 

Hydroxyhydroquinone and pyrogaHol can be used for lining reactors for vinyl chloride suspension polymerization to prevent formation of polymer deposits on the reactor walls (98). Hydroxyhydroquinone and certain of its derivatives are useful as auxiUary developers for silver haUde emulsions in photographic material their action is based on the dye diffusion-transfer process. The transferred picture has good contrast and stain-free highlights (99). 5-Acylhydroxyhydroquinones are useful as stabilizer components for poly(alkylene oxide)s (100). 

Spectral Sensitization. Photographic silver haHde emulsions ate active with light only up to about 500 nm. However, theh sensitivity can be extended within the whole visible and neat-H spectral region up to about 1200—1300 nm. This is reached by the addition of deeply colored dyes that transfer excited electrons or excitation energy to the silver haHde. 

In addition to appHcations in dyeing, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is used as a component of the redox system in emulsion polymerization of styrene—butadiene mbber recipes. 

A good sensitizing dye does not interfere with other system properties. Sensitizing dyes can sometimes influence the intrinsic response of a chemically sensitized emulsion, leading to desensitization or additional sensitization. The dye can also interfere with development rate, increase or decrease unwanted fog density, and remain as unwanted stain in the film after processing. The dye should have adequate solubihty for addition to the emulsion, but should not wander between layers in the final coating. 

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