Dual-mode development

A dual ion beam collector developed by Nier2 is illustrated in Figure 4.1 b. Both collectors are connected to two amplifiers for the simultaneous and direct measurement of ion currents in the dual mode. Amplifier 1 works with degeneration whereas amplifier 2 works without. Such a dual ion beam collector is applied, for example, for precise and accurate measurements of isotope ratios, especially of gases in commercial stable isotope ratio mass spectrometers.2... 

Dual mode PDA combines a planar PDA with a standard PDA so that two-phase differences are measured per scattering event. These are validated against each other to see if the signal is acceptable or not. This permits the rejection of distorted events caused by multiple scattering due to poor surface quality [168]. Dual beam frequency biased LDV permits simultneous measurement of particle size and electric charge in a two-component developer [169]. 

The concept of dual mode sorption was first dearly demonstrated and quantified by Michaels, Vieth and Barrie in 1963 The same authors also discussed its effect on the diffusion process itself. Vieth and his co-workers aibsequently extended these findings to a number of polymer-gas systems and elaborated the theoretical aspects of the problem In particular, a model for diffusion in glassy polymers, which has come to be known as the totd inunobilization model, was developed by Vieth and Sladek ... 

The next incremental step up the ladder of complexity of switching was the development [38] of a three-pole supramolecular switch. Such a switch is one that can be adjusted to any one of three different settings. Bolstered by the success and rich electrochemistry of the dual mode switch, a three-pole switch was designed without delay and investigated. 

Diesel-electric railway locomotives are also hybrid technologies because the diesel engine will drive an electric generator that will power an electric motor for locomotion. Bombardier has developed the AGC (Autoraila Grande Capacite), which is a dual-mode diesel electric as well as a dual-voltage railcar. The system can operate on 1,500-2,500 V [2],... 

S.S. (2002) Technology roadmap for dual-mode scramjet propulsion to support space-access vision vehicle development, Paper No. AIAA-2002-5137, 11th AIAA/AAtAF Inter. Space Planes... 

Walter, B. and Gatellier B. (2002) Development of the high power NADI concept using dual mode diesel combustion to achieve zero NOx and particulate emissions. SAE Paper 2002-01-1744. 

Simple Dual-Mode Transport Models. As a direct extension of the dualmode sorption model, it is convenient to treat pure-gas permeability as the siun of two terms, which are characteristic of the two sorbed penetrant populations. Petropoulos first developed such an expression in terms of the chemical potential gradient of the sorbed gas (100). For the case where there is a vacuum downstream and a pressure pa2 of component A upstream, the following expression results ... 

Delannay E, Toribio A, Boudesocque L, Nuzillard JM, Zeches-Hanrot M, Dardennes E, Le Dour G, Sapi J, Renault JH (2006) Multiple dual-mode centrifugal partition chromatography, a semi-continuous development mode for routine laboratory-scale purifications. J Chromatogr A 1127 45-51... 

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