DSDMAC chloride

Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds such as distearyldimethylammonium-chloride (DSDMAC) used as a softener and as an antistatic, form hydrated particles in a dispersed phase having a similar structure to that of the multilayered liposomes or vesicles of phospholipids 77,79). This liposome-like structure could be made visible by electron microscopy using the freeze-fracture replica technique as shown by Okumura et al. 79). The concentric circles observed should be bimolecular lamellar layers with the sandwiched parts being the entrapped water. In addition, the longest spacings of the small angle X-ray diffraction pattern can be attributed to the inter-lamellar distances. These liposome structures are formed by the hydrated detergent not only in the gel state but also at relatively low concentrations. 

CTAB, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide STAC, stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride DSDMAC, distearyl dimethyl chloride. 

A broad range of information pertaining to the toxicity of several classes of surfactants including anionic (linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), alkylether sulfates (AES), alkyl sulfates (AS), non-ionic (alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO)), cationic (ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DTDMAC)—a group of quaternary ammonium salts of distearyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC)) and amphoteric surfactants (alkyl-betaines) is available. Several reviews of the scientific literature have been published [3-5,20]. 

The only cationic surfactant (Fig. 23) found in any quantity in the environment is ditallow dimethylammonium chloride (DTDMAC), which is mainly the quaternary ammonium salt distearyldimethylammonium chloride (DSDMAC). The organic chemistry and characterization of cationic surfactants has been reported and reviewed [330 - 332 ]. The different types of cationic surfactants are fatty acid amides [333], amidoamine [334], imidazoline [335], petroleum feed stock derived surfactants [336], nitrile-derived surfactants [337], aromatic and cyclic surfactants [338], non-nitrogen containing compounds [339], polymeric cationic surfactants [340], and amine oxides [341]. 

The binding of chemicals to hair is also affected by hair type. Lotzsch et al. studied the adsorption and desorption of distearyl-dimethylammonium chloride (DSD-MAC) with three Caucasoid and three Mongoloid hair samples. DSDMAC is a cationic surfactant which is used in commercial cosmetic products such as setting lotions and rinses for hair treatment. For hair samples treated with DSDMAC, adsorption was... 

Figure 3.2 shows typical cationic softener structures, for example, A,A-distearyl-A,iV-dimethyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC). Cationic softeners have the best sofmess and are reasonably durable to laundering. They can be applied by exhaustion to all fibres from a high liquor to goods ratio bath and they provide a hydrophobic surface and poor rewetting properties, because their hydrophobic groups are oriented away from the fibre surface They are usually not compatible with anionic products (precipitation of insoluble adducts). 

Cationic surfactants. Long chain cationic surfactants such as disteral diamethyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC) exhibit extraordinarily high sorption power with respect to a wide variety of surfaces [13-15], These surfactants are very strongly absorbed by the surface of natural fibers, such as cotton, wool, and linen [4],... 

The cationic detergents invariably contain amino compounds. The most widely used would be the quaternary ammonium salts, such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, a well-known germicide and di-stearyldimethylammonium chloride (DSDMAC), known as fabric softener for cotton diapers and as a laundry rinse-cycle fabric softener [4]. 

Berenbold, H., Additional use benefits of fabric softeners based on distearyldimethylammonium chloride (DSDMAC). Comun. Jorn. Com. Esp. Deterg. 18 49-63,1987. 

Fatty amines with alkyl chains from C8 to C22 are used as raw materials for this type of cationics. Alkylamines with two long alkyl chains and one methyl group in the molecule are of significant interest. The first commercially available cationic surfactant distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC), which was introduced in 1949 as a fabric softener (Figure 20.5), belongs to this group. 

DTDMAC and distearyldimethylammonium chloride (DSDMAC), which have long been amongst the most important cationic surfactants, are traditionally analyzed by normal phase HPLC with conductivity detection [4,73,74]. However, with conductivity detection an isocratic elution mode is mandatory resulting in a steady broadening of the peaks with... 

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