Dry-storage

Spent nuclear fuel has fission products, uranium, and transuranic elements. Plans call for permanent disposal in underground repositories. Geological studies are in progress at the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada. Until a repository is completed, spent fuel must be stored in water pools or in dry storage casks at nuclear plant sites. 

Aluminum alkoxides are easily soluble in hydrocarbons and in chlorinated hydrocarbons, but sparingly soluble in alcohols. They are sensitive to moisture and dry storage is essential. Aluminum alkoxides are used extensively as intermediates, for example, in the Meerwein-Poimdorf reaction (94). 

Cool dry storage Propylene oxide treatment Sterile nitrogen gas treatment Aseptic packaging... 

It is well known that biopolymers adsorbed water during dry storage and its quality depends on water content. For example the length of keratin depends on water content and therefore it is used as a hygrometer. The amount of adsorbed water depends on temperature and pressure of water vapor. 

Du, X. W., Wills, R. B. H., and Stuart, D. L. (2004). Changes in neutral and malonyl ginsenosides in American ginseng Panax quinquefolium) during drying, storage and ethanolic extraction. Food Chem. 86,155-159. 

Rudolph AS, Cliff RO. Dry storage of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin a blood substitute. Cryobiology 1990 27 585. 

A number of observations help to understand the mechanism of hematite formation from ferrihydrite in aqueous systems i. e. under conditions essentially different from those for solid-state transformation by dry heating (see 14.2.6). Air-dry storage of ferrihydrite containing 100-150g H20/kg of water (found by weight loss) at room temperature for 20.4 years in closed vessels led to partial transformation to fairly well crystalline hematite with a little goethite (Schwertmann et al., 1999). In contrast, no hematite was formed from ferrihydrite if the content of adsorbed water was substantially reduced (Stanjek and Weidler, 1992 Weidler, 1997) as seen from the following examples ... 

The treated crude oil leaves the 2nd stage desalter and is sent to the dry storage tank via feed product heat exchanger where it gets Coolod down. A BE A W monitor at the 2nd stage outlet automatically diverts the product to feed tank if it is out of specifications. 

What does one do with the radioactive waste described in the previous section Clearly, the most important component of the waste is the spent fuel. Currently, most spent fuel assemblies are held in cooling ponds at the reactor sites, although one cannot do this indefinitely. In a few reactor sites, dry storage of the spent fuel is used. The fuel rods are transferred to special casks when the heat output and activity are such that air cooling will suffice. 

As directed by the act, DOE intends, within one year, to enter into a cooperative agreement with one to three utilities desiring DOE assistance in at-reactor demonstrations of spent fuel storage technologies. The DOE is authorized to do unlicensed demonstrations for dry storage at DOE sites using up to 300 metric tons of spent fuel. 

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