Drugs benzphetamine

Figure 3 presents the mean levels of self-infusion for the 14 phenylethyl-amines shown in figure 1. Of all the drugs tested, injection rates were... 

W. I. Higuchi and W. E. Hamlin, Release of drug from a self-coating surface Benzphetamine pamoate pellet, J. Pharm. Sci., 52, 575-579 (1963). 

People who are obese, and who have diabetes, often find they initially cannot control their blood sugar well. Therefore, these patients must increase the number of times each day they monitor their blood sugar. Benzphetamine, out of the entire amphetamine class, causes less stimulant activity this quality could make it more attractive to doctors. But tolerance (the body s ability to resist the effects of the drug) can develop quickly and adequate weight loss has not been observed beyond six months. 

Older drugs still available in some countries include phenylpropanolamine, benzphetamine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, phentermine, diethylpropion, mazindol, and phendimetrazine. These drugs are all amphetamine mimics and are central nervous system appetite suppressants they are generally helpful only during the first few weeks of therapy. Their toxicity is significant and includes hypertension (with a risk of cerebral hemorrhage) and addiction liability. 

As a representative example to explain this phenomenon, the precipitation ofthe weak acid, pamoic acid, employed as the source ofthe counterion, slowed the release rate of benzphetamine in acidic media from a bead containing the weak acid salt ofthe drug (Higuchi and Hamlin, 1963). 

A mathematical analysis was presented and applied to release of drug from benzphetamine pamoate pellets. When the acid coat forms, the dissolution rate can be reduced essentially to that ofthe poorly soluble acid (Higuchi et al., 1965). 

The FDA placed benzphetamine in its pregnancy category X because the drug causes birth defects. 

A collection of redox enzymes for which efficient DET with electrodes has been observed is given in Table 2.3. Most of them are metaUoenzymes containing iron or copper. Many of these enzymes are part of electron transfer chains, i.e., have macromolecular redox partners, or react on large substrates. The evidence for DET has not always been presented by direct electrochemical measurements. In many cases the DET has been proved indirectly by measurement of a substrate dependent catalytic current. Various metabolites ranging from sugars such as fructose, cellobiose and gluconate [6], amines like methylamine and histamine [123], lactate [91],p-cresol [93] and drugs such as benzphetamine [74] can be measured with enzymes in direct contact to an electrode. The bioelectrocatalytic reaction of peroxide is one of the most important reactions not only for the determination of peroxide(s) in various media but also substrates of coupled oxidase [8] and enzyme inhibitors [130, 252]. Furthermore, enzyme immunoassays have been developed based on DET of peroxidase and laccase and electrodes [7,131,132]. 

Benzphetamine (6), diethylpropion (4), and phendimetrazine (7) are amphetaminelike drugs that have been available for several decades, but that are now considered second-tier agents for weight loss. These drugs produce modest reductions in body weight and are indicated for short-term use only. Benzphetamine contains a bulky N-benzyl group... 

Other sympathomimetie appetite suppressants (benzphetamine, diethylpropion,mazin-dol, and phendimetrazine) are associated with insomnia, restlessness (i.e., frequent awaken- ing), and occasional mild euphoria, primarily because of their eentral stimulant properties. Toleration usually develops to many of these side effects. Drug therapy with these agents is restricted to 12 weeks. 

Class C includes certain drugs related to the amphetamines, such as benzphetamine and chlorphentermine, buprenorphine, diethylpro-pion, mazindol, meprobamate, pemoline, pipradrol and most benzodiazepines. Cannabis and cannabis resin have been rescheduled as class C, but were class B until 2003. 

Craig N K Vree TB, Muskens ATJM and van Rossum JM, Some physicochemical properties of amphetamine and related drugs, J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 21, 774-775 (1969) see Benzphetamine. 

The MFO system is also known as the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) or drug-metabolizing system in mammals. In fish, as in mammals, most MFO activity is localized in the liver (2.404 /imoles of B[a]P hydroxylase = AHH) and in minor amounts in kidney (0.026) and heart (0.006) (Pederson etaL, 1974). Many studies have shown the presence of various oxygenases in fish (Bend etal, 1977 Stegeman, 1978). AHH is present in many marine fish species from different habitats and life stories (Payne, 1977). Several fish species including rainbow trout can hydroxylate benzo[a]pyrene and naphthalene. Quantitative data on AHH activity based on B[a]P hydroxylase activity, benzphetamine demethylase activity, 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity, and cytochrome P-450 content in vertebrates, crustaceans, and bivalves are available in the literature (Vandermeulen and Penrose, 1978 Philpot etaL, 1976). Specific enzyme activities derived from single substrate measurements are limited in their application to complex mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons (Malins, 1977a, b). MFO absence or activity could determine hydrocarbon retention in... 

Lu, A. Y. H., Levin, W., and Kuntzman, R., 1974, Reconstituted liver microsomal enzyme system that hydroxylates drugs, other foreign compounds and endogenous substrates. VII. Stimulation of benzphetamine N-demethylation by lipid and detergent, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 60 266. 

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