Drug shortages

The nonavailability of drug products or combinations, discontinued drugs, drug shortages, and orphan drugs... 

Orlaam(tm) (Levomethadyl hydrochloride acetate) was discontinued in the spring of 2004 because it caused severe cardiac toxicity, including Q-T prolongation, Torsade des pointes and cardiac arrest. See http //www.fda.gov/cder/drug/ shortages / orlaam.htm. 

Fox ER, Tyler LS. Managing drug shortages seven years experience at one health system. Am.. Hlth.-Syst. Pharm. 2003 60 245-253. 

Drug use evaluation Determine drug shortage alternative plan Evaluate use of chemical restraints... 

Howevef despite the obvious impoteince of vaccines and society reUance on them, thee has been an overwhelming tend towari reduction in vaccine research and the mrmber of vaccine manufacturs. Few drug shortages would have caused the poUtical calamity that the 2005 influenza vaccine sht e in the... 

Medicines Shortages (Also Referred to as Drug Shortages) 29... 

Preparations prepared in pharmacies may serve as the last choice to provide patients with their necessary medicines. The European Ministers have formally confirmed that the preparation of medicinal products in pharmacies, which may be required as a consequence of the individual or medical condition of the patient in the absence or unavailability of appropriate medicinal products on the market, is indispensable for accommodating the special needs of individual patients in Europe [1]. Mainly special patient groups need pharmacy preparations. Another need for pharmacy preparation arises from drug shortages. 

Today, the hospital pharmacist is still mandated to control the supply chain, however there are challenges firom supply chain professionals supported by those who consider medicines to be no different firom any other commodity. Procurement now has to take place in an environment that has more and more budget restraints and external paralysing constraints induced by unwanted dependencies of third party suppliers and sometimes even drug shortages. If the skills are lost, important financial resources would be needed to reactivate lost know-how related to neglected technical equipment or outsourced activities. However, such time is not available in situations such as medicines shortages. Consequently, re-adaption may cost more than ever could have been saved. 

Kaakeh R et al (2011) Impact of drug shortages o US health systems. Am J Health Syst Pharm 68 1811-1819... 

Chabner BA (2011) Drug shortages - a critical challenge for the generic dmg market. N Engl J Med 365 2147—2149... 

Huys I, Simoens S (2013) European drug shortages a call for action Int J Pharm Pract 21 1-2... 

Kweder SL, Dill S (2013) Drug shortages the cycle of quantity and quality. Clin Pharmacol Ther 93(3) 245-251... 

Eapen ZJ, Vavalle IP, Granger CB et al (2013) Rescuing clinical trials in the United States and beyond a call for action. Am Heart J 165 837-847 Fox ER, Sweet BV, Jensen V (2014) Drug shortages a complex health care crisis. Mayo CUn Proc... 

McBride A, Holle LM, Westendorf C, Sidcbottom M, Griffith N, Muller RJ, et al. National survey on the effed of oncology drug shortages on cancer care. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2013 70(7) 609-17. 

---