Drug prices

Drug price competition and patent term restoration act of 1984, Public 98-417, 98 Stat. 1585-1605, Sept. 24, 1984. 

Despite the existence of direct and indirect mechanisms for pharmaceutical price regulation in most countries, some authors put forward reasons for a growing opposition to the need to regulate prices.2,3 The discussion on the possible lack of justification for drug price regulation policies to improve welfare can be built on three types of argument, which it is important to understand. 

The regulation of drug prices is an instrument that is used in all the countries of the European Union (EU), although in different modes. Table 3.1 shows the... 

The drug price intervention system in place in Spain since 1991 is based on the fixing of the price of each product by the health authorities, calculated according to its cost . This system allows for the possibility of excluding certain products or therapeutic groups from the price intervention system. It would be desirable to apply this exclusion principle to those products that are subject to a reasonable level of competition. Briefly, the main features of the Spanish system of price regulation are as follows ... 

An equitable international drug price structure could also be attained by setting differential licence fees and allowing generic competition to work within each price segment of the international market. 

In general, however, this initial analysis is open to doubt, in view of the high degree of intervention in Spanish drug prices and the fact that authorized prices are regarded as maximum prices, although this is not always sufficiently stressed. These two factors complicate any forecast of the possible outcome of the competition induced by RP in the Spanish pharmaceutical market. 

Kolassa, E.M. (1995), Physicians perceptions of prescription drug prices their accuracy and effect on the prescribing decision , Journal of Research and Pharmaceutical Economics, 6 (1), 23-37. 

Drug prices In many countries drag prices are regulated by the government. The main reason for this lies in the monopoly that patents provide for new products. Should/can economic evaluation play a part in this ... 

Rovira s proposals22 regarding drug price indexes are still relevant today. Lobato19 considers that the consumer price index (CPI) is not a suitable deflator for series of pharmaceutical expenditure (it leads to absurd conclusions real consumption would not have risen between 1969 and 1989). A deflator built on authorized price reviews leads to the opposite result, likewise illogical (the Social Security demand cannot have risen 12.5 times between 1969 and 1989). Consequently, the author constructs an ad hoc deflator which... 

Doonan, M., "The Economics of Prescription Drug Pricing," Schneider Institute for Health Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, pp. 5-6 (2001). 

Drug metabolite production, microbial biotransformations for, 16 398-399 Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration, 15 686 Drug products... 

Orzechowski, W. and Walker, R., Dose of Reality How Drug Price Controls Would Hurt Americans, Policy Paper No. 25, February 7, 2000. 

Fines Enhancement Laws of 1984 and 1987 increase penalties for all federal crimes, with double fines for corporations. The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act expedites the availability of less-costly generic drugs by permitting FDA to approve generics without repeating the safety and effectiveness research. 

The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984... 

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