Intravenous drug infusion

MONITORING DRUGS GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY. For optimal results, die nurse inspects the needle site and die area around die needle every hour for signs of extravasation of die IV fluid. The nurse performs diese assessments more frequently if the patient is restiess or uncooperative It is important to check the rate of infusion every 15 minutes and adjust it as needed. The nurse should inspect die vein used for die IV infusion every 4 hours for signs of tenderness, pain, and redness (which may indicate phlebitis or thrombophlebitis). If tiiese are apparent, die nurse must restart the IV in another vein and bring the problem to the attention of the primary health care provider. 

A new aminoglycoside antibiotic (5 mg/kg) was infused intravenously over 30 min to a 70-kg volunteer. The plasma concentrations of the drug were measured at various times after the end of the infusion, as recorded in the table and shown in the figure below. 

With linear kinetics, providing an intravenous infusion is maintained long enough, a situation will arise when the rate of drug infused = rate of drug eliminated. The... 

The adverse effects of valacyclovir and acyclovir are similar. Toxicity is generally minimal, consisting largely of headache, nausea, and diarrhea. Less frequently observed are skin rash, fatigue, fever, hair loss, and depression. Reversible renal dysfunction (azotemia) and neurotoxicity (tremor, seizure, delirium) are dose-Umiting toxicides of intravenous acyclovir. Adequate hydration and slow drug infusion can minimize the risk of renal toxicity. 

Recently, there is a growing recognition that the benefits of intravenous drug infusion can be closely duplicated, without its potential hazards, by using the intact skin as the portal of drug administration to provide a continuous transdermal drug delivery into the systemic circulation Q). 

The flow of pancreatic juice and bile was tested before and after the experiment by means of an intravenous bolus of 5 pmol/kg secretin. Before the experiment the duodenum was continuously perfused at a rate of 2 ml/min for 435 min with isotonic saline containing phenol red (10 mg/1) as a marker. After drug treatment (intravenous infusion of gastrin-releasing peptide or duodenal HC1 perfusion) pancreatic and hepatic secretions were collected in 15-min periods and the volumes determined by weighing. Duodenal effluents were collected in 15-min periods and phenol red concentrations determined spectrophotometrically. Blood sampled were withdrawn for determination of secretin by radioimmunoassay. 

In operant reinstatement paradigms, animals are trained to self-administer a drug by pressing a lever for intravenous drug infusion. Once responding is acquired, the drug is... 

We are asked to obtain X(t) from the convolution of G(f) and the disposition function H(t), where the input function G(0 is a constant intravenous drug infusion ... 

In vitro studies with gentamicin and aminophylline have shown that the delivery of these drugs may be delayed substantially depending on the flow rate and injection site. These observations were confirmed with infusion of chloramphenicol succinate and tobramycin. These studies clearly have demonstrated that the variables of intravenous drug infusion systems (e.g., flow rate. 

The most common interventions that must be made when treating patients with ARF involve fluid and electrolyte management. Most patients with ARF are fluid overloaded, and fluids must be restricted. This means maximally concentrated drug infusions and nutrition solutions. So-called keep vein open or maintenance intravenous infusions should be halted unless the patient is euvolemic or is receiving renal replacement solution that is able to maintain fluid balance. 

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