Drug bio availability

Drug Bio- availability T max (hrs) Lipophilicity Protein binding % Half- life (hrs)... 

Schneller, G. H. Status report on drug bio-availability. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 27,... 

RL Wolen. The application of stable isotopes to studies of drug bio availability and bioequivalence. J Clin Pharmacol 26 419 -24, 1986. 

Strategies for reducing risk to the infant from drug transferred through breast milk include selection of medications for the mother that would be considered safe for use in the infant choosing medications with shorter half-lives selecting those that are more protein bound, have lower bio-availability, and have lower lipid solubility. 

Lennernas H (2003) Intestinal Drug Absorption and Bio availability Beyond Involvement of Single Transport Function. J Pharm Pharmacol 55 pp 429 -33. 

Centre for Drug Evaluation FDA (2000). Waiver of In Vivo Bio availability and Bioequivalence Studies for Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms Based on a Biopharmaceutical Classification System. Guidance for industry. 2000. 

Cao XH, Gibbs ST, Fang LY, Miller HA, Landowski CP, Shin HC, Lennernas H, Zhong YQ, Amidon GL, Yu LX and Sun DX (2006) Why Is It Challenging to Predict Intestinal Drug Absorption and Oral Bio availability in Human Using Rat Models. Pharm Res 23 pp 1675-1686. 

Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (2000) Guidance for Industry. Food-Effect Bio availability and Fed Bioequivalence Studies. 

These polysaccharide-based stationary phases appear to be the most useful in organic, bio-organic and pharmaceutical analysis. Of the above-mentioned derivatives three of them, namely cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris-(4-methylbenzoate), have very complementary properties and numerous publications have demonstrated that they have been able to achieve the chiral resolution of more than 80% of the drugs currently available on the market. " These CSPs are known under the commercial names, Chiralcel OD-H , Chiralpak AD and Chiralcel OJ , respectively (Figure 4). Their very broad enantiorecognition range is also the... 

Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins have been studied the most extensively. The identified roles of cyclodextrins are primarily to increase solubility, stability, and the bio availability of drugs with limited water solubility, to reduce the side effects and toxicity of drugs, and to alter their physical properties such as smell and taste. There have been many excellent reviews on the pharmaceutical utilization of cyclo dextrin and its derivatives by Loftsson and Brewster [45],Rajewski and Stella [46], and Irie et al. [47]. 

The highly water-soluble 2-hydroxypropyl-/i-cyclodextrin (2-HP-/1-CD) is a commercially useful general complexing agent. Inclusion complexes of poorly water-soluble Naproxen with 2-HP-/1-CD were useful to increase its solubility and dissolution rate, and resulted in an enhancement of bio-availability and minimized the gastrointestinal toxicity of the drug [69]. The water solubility of melatonin, which is an indole amide neurohormone, was also enhanced in a complex with 2-HP-/J-CD [70]. 

---