Driver DNA

Given these constraints that impinge on the reassociation of DNA, experimental designs must be constructed that facilitate (1) the separation of single-copy DNA to be used as tracer DNA from repeated sequences and (2) the hybridization of single-copy tracer DNA with driver DNA from the same and different species. 

The range of precision of duplexes permitted between tracer and driver DNA is controlled by the temperature and ionic strength of the incubation buffer. Together, they establish the criterion, or stringency, or reassociation. This is usually described as the difference between the Tm of perfect duplexes in the incubation buffer and the temperature of incubation. If criterion is too stringent, only a subset of sequences can hybridize, and the resolving power of the method is reduced. Conversely, if stringency condi-... 

A. Subtractive hybridization with biotin-driver DNA and partitioning hybrids into phenol/chloroform phase (Herfort and Garber, 1991)... 

One driver for new discovery will be the completion of the human genome project. As a result of this project, the locations and sequences associated with the tens of thousands of genes of the human genome will have been determined. In the post-genomic era, then, we will know the DNA sequences and genes of a human being, but that is only the start. What are the functions associated with these sequences We will need to isolate the proteins that are the gene products,... 

Randomization is the basis for valid statistical inference. Random assignment of replicate samples to arrays and dyes helps to avoid unintended systematic bias due to such nuisance factors. In designing a two-channel microarray, a software driver for the robotic arrayer allows appropriate programming to randomize and replicate the spotting of the complementary DNA (cDNA) on each array. Unfortunately, randomization of spotting on each array is often not done currently, perhaps due to inconvenience. 

Many fluorescent dyes and proteins now available enable multiple detection channels and the ability to multiplex related assays. HCS assays typically use at least two channels one for a DNA stain and another for the fluorophore of interest. In general, the maximum number of channels utilized at one time ranges from two to five. Instrument hardware and driver software determine the number of channels and fluorophores to be acquired. Some factors to consider here include illumination source (arc lamp or laser), filter and mirror requirements, number of cameras or PMT detectors, camera sensitivity, and desired detection wavelength range. Other considerations for multiplexing include read time, resolution, and assay time (for live cell imaging). 

Elegant and efficient subtractive hybridization procedures have been developed from the original procedure described by Sive and St John (1988) and Duguid et al. (1988) in which driver cDNA is photobi-otinylated, allowed to react with the (-I-) DNA and the hybrids then eliminated with streptavidin agarose, Schweinfest et al. (1990) used the lambda ZAP II phage vector system to produce by in vivo excision a large amount of DNA for biotinylation. Recent methods take advantage of the property of biotinylated nucleic acids... 

Leitner, W.W., H. Ying, D.A. Driver, T.W. Du-bensky and N.P. Restifo (2000) Enhancement of tumor-specific immune response with plasmid DNA replicon vectors. Cancer Res 60 51-55. 

Driver F, Milner RJ, Trueman WH. A taxonomic revision of Metarhizium based on a phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequence data. Mycol Res 104 135-151, 2000. 

A perylene derivative called PIPER was the first example of a small ligand behaving as a driver in the assembly of quadruplex structures.Gel-shift experiments demonstrate that PIPER can dramatically accelerate the association of a DNA oligomer containing two tandem repeats of the human telomeric sequence (TTAG3) into di- and tetrameric G-quadruplexes. In... 

The use of microfluidics in a commercial DNA sequencing system has yet to be demonstrated. This is likely due to the lack of a compelling driver. Capillaries are still relatively inexpensive in comparison with etched plates and schemes have been engineered to allow fairly cost effective replacement of subgroups of capillaries, even in the high-throughput systems employing hundreds of... 

The genomes of eukaryotic cells foUow suit. This ancient faculty of mutability in the RNA/DNA complex, when it is practiced excessively, it prominently characterizes the entity recognized in the scientific literature and at our clinics as the cancer cell. There, in addition to one, or a few sequentially induced, complex driver mutations (the oncogenic pathways), the enormous cell population of a... 

---