Inadequate Drainage

In the preceding chapter it was pointed out that peats vary markedly in properties and in their suitability for use for various purposes. Many of the deposits are of little or no agricultural value for a variety of reasons, including physical nature, lack of adequate decomposition, impossibility of providing satisfactory drainage, inadequate depth, toxicity, etc. Most of these peats are, however, serving a valuable purpose as wildlife reservations or parks, and sometimes for water storage. 

The treatment of intraabdominal infection most often requires the coordinated use of three major modalities (1) prompt drainage, (2) support of vital functions, and (3) appropriate antimicrobial therapy to treat infection not eradicated by surgery. Antimicrobials are an important adjunct to drainage procedures in the treatment of secondary intraabdominal infections however, the use of antimicrobial agents without surgical intervention usually is inadequate. For most cases of primary peritonitis, drainage procedures may not be required, and antimicrobial agents become the mainstay of therapy. 

F. Drainage and spill control penalises design conditions that would cause large spills of flammable material adjacent to process equipment such as inadequate design of drainage. 

Shielded polyplexes with improved blood circulating properties are interesting tools for systemic cancer therapy (see Sect. 4.2). Nanoparticles can take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR effect) [89] for passive tumor targeting. The EPR effect is based on the leakiness of tumor vasculature, due to neovascularization in growing tumors, combined with an inadequate lymphatic drainage. Nanoparticles with an elongated plasma circulation time can extravasate and passively accumulate at the tumor site. 

Antimicrobials are an important adjunct to drainage procedures in the treatment of intraabdominal infections however, the use of antimicrobial agents without surgical intervention is usually inadequate. For some specific situations (e.g., most cases of primary peritonitis), drainage procedures... 

Exposure protection systems provide protection by the application of water to structures and equipment for the anticipated duration of the exposure fire. Water spray curtains are generally less effective than direct application due to unfavorable conditions such as wind, thermal updrafts, and inadequate drainage. Extinguishing agents such as CO2 or dry chemical agents are not able to provide this type of cooling. 

Clinical use of reversible inhibitors is directed to eye, skeletal muscle, neuromuscular junctions, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and heart and used in treatment of glaucoma (an ocular disease caused by increased intraocular pressure due to inadequate drainage of aqueous humor at filtration angle), myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune disease... 

Another common source of groundwater pollution is sewage, which includes drainage from septic tanks and inadequate or broken sewer lines. Animal sewage, especially from factory-style animal farms, is also a source of groundwater (and river water) pollution. Sewage water contains bacteria, which if untreated can cause waterborne diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and infectious hepatitis. If the contaminated groundwater travels relatively quickly... 

We believe the major shortcoming of these models is inadequate meteorological input. In particular we need better descriptions of flow within the canopy and vertical flow profiles generated by drainage flow rather than mesoscale winds. We also need a fully operational three dimensional, complex terrain winds model. 

Some amino acids cannot be added to diets in the free form because of their bad taste, while the same amino acids covalently bound to the protein as isopeptides apparently have no taste and are therefore not objectionable. In addition, the covalently attached amino acids are not apt to be lost in some cookery practices where the soluble amino acids added to a protein preparation might be lost in drainage water on cooking. Although at this time the chemical reactions that are used would be inadequate for commercial usage, methods that are suitable to large-scale production should be possible. 

Even today, some items of equipment in the margarine production can be found not to be designed for easy cleaning and draining. Tanks with flat bottoms and inadequate drainage points can be found. Pipes are found with unnecessary bends, blank ends, and unsatisfactory valves. Such installations are very difficult to clean and could lead to the buildup of stagnant products. 

Chronic bacterial prostatitis occurs when acute bacterial prostatitis has been inadequately treated because of pathogen resistance, relapse, or short-course therapy or because of blocked drainage of secretions from the prostate. Most men with chronic prostatitis will have had a previous bout of acute prostatitis. The most common clinical feature of chronic prostatitis is recurrent urinary tract infections and the symptoms and complaints of acute bacterial prostatitis. Fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and nitrofurantoin are used in the management of chronic prostatitis. Chronic prostatitis warrants at least 10 to 12 weeks of therapy. Poor clinical outcomes, however, have been observed because of poor diffusion of antimicrobials into the prostate. 

Soils of the humid region and Temperate Zone that were at one time productive often become comparatively nonproductive after several years of cropping if little attention is given to maintenance of soil fertility. Among the chief reasons for the decrease in yields are decrease in available nutrients increase in acidity lack of adequate organic matter poor physical condition build up of toxic substances plant diseases insects and weed competition. There are other possibilities, some of which are closely related to the above, namely inadequate aeration, hard pans, slow infiltration, and poor drainage. 

Burke and O Hare (1962) summarize the situation as follows In practically all peats the levels of all major and minor elements are inadequate for satisfactory crop production. After drainage, successful conversion to productive land depends largely on the application of adequate balanced fertilizers. Workers in many countries have shown that liberal dressings of the major elements are required at the outset and that these must be supplemented annually by lighter dressings. It is also necessary to overcome the deficien-... 

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