Doxapram

However, there are occasions ia which the use of a respiratory stimulant may be warranted. By far the leading respiratory stimulant marketed ia the United States is doxapram [309-29-5] (13), prepared by a unique rearrangement of the pyrroHdine [3471-97-4] (14) to the pyrroHdinone [3192-64-1] (15), followed by alkylation using morpholine (15). 

C) Preparation of Doxapram Hydrochloride [3,3-Diphenyl-1-Ethyl-4-(2-Morpholino-Ethylj-2-Pyrrolidinone Hydrochloride Monohydrate] A solution of 25 grams (0.076 mol) of 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 13.3 grams (0.153 mol) of morpholine in 500 ml of absolute ethanol was heated at 95°-120°C for 21 hours in a closed system and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 3(X) ml of two normal hydrochloric acid and extracted with 150 ml of ethyl acetate. A solid crystallized (13 g) during the extraction and was removed by filtration. MP 217°-219°C. The acid extracts were made basic with sodium hydroxide and extracted with ether, and the ether solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was suspended in six normal hydrochloric acid. Additional crystalline product formed and was recrystallized from two normal hydrochloric acid. Yield, 10 grams MP 217°-219°C. Total yield, 23 grams (70%). 

Oxyphenisatin acetate Diphenylacetic acid chloride Diphenpyramide Thiphenamil HCI Diphenyl acetone Diphenadione Diphenylacetonitrile Doxapram HCI Methadone HCI Diphenylacetyl chloride Piperidolate... 

N-Ethyl-3-chloropiperidine Pipenzolate bromide 1 -Ethyl-3-chloropyrrolidine Doxapram HCI Ethyl -chlorovinyl ketone Ethchlorvynol Ethyl cyanoacetate Ethosuximide Piprozolin Tinoridine... 

Dow-lsoniazid Isoniazid Dowmycin - Erythromycin Dow-Sulfisoxazole - Sulfisoxazole Doxal - Doxepin HCI Doxaprii - Doxapram HCI Doxedyn - Doxepin HCI Doxergan - Dxomemazine Doxidan Docusate calcium Doxi-OM - Dobesilate calcium Doxitard -Doxycycline Doxium - Dobesilate calcium Doxy - Doxycycline Doxy 200 - Doxycycline Doxylin - Doxycycline Doxy-Puren - Doxycycline Doxyremed - Doxycycline Doxytrex - Dobesilate calcium... 

The term analeptics refers to convulsants and respiratory stimulants (i.e. central nervous system stimulants). They comprise a reverse group of agents (for example amphifrnazole and doxapram (respiratory stimulants) and strychnine, biculline and picrotoxin). Analeptics are mainly experimental drugs. Only amphifrnazole and doxapram are occasionally used for the treatment of acute ventilatory failure. 

Doxapram (Dopram) and caffeine (combination of caffeine and sodium benzoate) are two analeptics used in medicine Doxapram increases the depth of respirations by stimulating special receptors located in the carotid... 

Doxapram is used to treat drug-induced respiratory depression and to temporarily treat respiratory depression in patients with chronic pulmonary disease This drug also may be used during the postanesthesia period when respiratory depression is caused by anesthesia It also is used to stimulate deep breathingin patients after anesthesia... 

The adverse reactions associated with the administration of doxapram include excessive CNS stimulation, symptoms of which may include headache, dizziness, apprehension, disorientation, and hyperactivity. Other adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, cough,... 

Nausea and vomiting may occur with the administration of an analeptic therefore, the nurse should keep a suction machine nearby should vomiting occur. Urinary retention may be seen with the administration of doxapram therefore, the nurse measures intake and output and notifies the primary health care provider if the patient is unable to void or the bladder appears distended on palpation. 

C 3H 9Br02 84071-98-7) see Troglitazone 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-]3-dioxane (C, H 5Br02 97845-58-4) see Penciclovir 4-(2-bromoethyl)-l-ethyl-3,3-diphenyl-2-pyrTolidinone (C2oH22BrNO 3192-92-5) see Doxapram... 

C 4H, N 86-29-J) see Diisopromine Diphenoxylate Doxapram Fenpiverinium bromide Isopropamide iodide Methadone Normethadone Prozapine diphenylacetyl chloride... 

QllyClOj 623-71-2) see Dapiprazole ethyl 2-ch]orO 6>propylisonicotinate CUH14CINO2 100129-70-2) see Protionamide l>ethyl-3-chloropyrrolidine (QHiiCIN 3608-70-6) see Doxapram ethyl cyanoacetate... 

Drug- or toxin-induced3 Catecholamines Doxapram Methylphenidate Methylxanthines Nicotine Progesterone Salicylates... 

A more highly substituted pyrrolidone, doxapram, shows activity as a respiratory stimulant. Preparation of this agent involves an interesting rearrangement, which in effect results in a ring exchange reaction. Alkylation of the anion from diphenylacetonitrile with the chloropyrrolidine 14 affords 15. Hydrolysis of the nitrile function leads to the... 

Substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones are generally resistant to metabolic hydrolysis as seen in the cases of rolipram and doxapram. Metabolic studies of the antidepressant rolipram (5.64) in several mammalian species, including humans, did not reveal any cleavage of the pyrrolidinone ring [174], Similarly, no metabolite with an opened pyrrolidin-2-one ring was found for doxapram (5.65), a respiratory stimulant [174],... 

J. E. Pitts, R. B. Bruce, J. B. Forehand, Identification of Doxapram Metabolites Using High Pressure Ion Exchange Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy , Xenobiotica 1973, 3, 73-83. 

Schroeder H, Boyet S, Nehlig A. (1989). Effects of caffeine and doxapram perfusion on local cerebral glucose utilization in conscious rats. EurJ Pharmacol. 167(2) 245-54. 

If the rat experiences respiratory problems during recovery, doxapram hydrochloride is administered (Dopram-V 0.10 cc, i.p. Ayerst Laboratories). Two days following surgery, the patency of each cannula is checked and betadine is applied to the surgical wound (10% Povidone-iodine Purdue Frederick). 

Mepivacine, bupivacine, doxapram, quinine, quinidine, atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, pethidine, methadone (5)-N-(3,5-dinitro-benzoyl) tyrosine Acetonitrile—ammo 208 nium acetate (60 40)... 

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