Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challeng

Bock, S. A. and Atkins, F. M. (1990). Patterns of food hypersensitivity during sixteen years of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges. /. Pediatr. 117,561-567. 

Bock, S. A., Sampson, H. A., Atkins, F. M., Zeiger, R. S., Lehrer, S., Sachs, M., Bush, R. K., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1988). Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) as an office procedure A manual. /. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 82, 986-997. 

Double Blind Placebo Controlled Food Challenge (DBPCFC) Other immunological and nonimmunological tests Basophil histamine release assay Intestinal mast cell histamine release Intragastric provocation under endoscopy Intestinal biopsy after allergen elimination and feeding Others (see text below)... 

A study on the allergenicity of goat s milk performed on 26 children with proven IgE-mediated CMA showed that all the children had positive skin tests to both CM and GM, all had positive double-blind, placebo-controlled, food challenges (DBPCFCs) and 24 of the 26 had positive DBPCFCs to GM. These data indicated that GM is not an appropriate CM substitute for children with IgE-mediated CMA (Bellioni-Businco et al. 1999). 

Helbling, A., Haydel, R., McCants, M. L., Musmand, J. J., El-Dahr, J., and Lehrer, S. B. 1999. Fish allergy Is cross-reactivity among fish species relevant Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge studies of fish allergic adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 83 517-523. 

Hansen, K.S., Ballmer-Weber, B.K., Ltittkopf, D. et al. 2003. Roasted hazelnuts-allergenic activity evaluated by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Allergy 58 132-138. 

Pastorello, E.A., Vieths, S., Pravettoni, V. et al. 2002. Identification of hazelnut major allergens in sensitive patients with positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge results. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109 563-570. 

For food allergens, validated animal models for dose-response assessment are not available and human studies (double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges [DBPCFCs]) are the standard way to establish thresholds. It is practically impossible to establish the real population thresholds this way. Such population threshold can be estimated, but this is associated with major statistical and other uncertainties of low dose-extrapolation and patient recruitment and selection. As a matter of fact, uncertainties are of such order of magnitude that a reliable estimate of population thresholds is currently not possible. The result of the dose-response assessment can also be described as a threshold distribution rather than a single population threshold. Such distribution can effectively be used in probabilistic modeling as a tool in quantitative risk assessment (see Section 15.2.5)... 

DBPCFC—double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge method—the golden standard in food allergy determination DC—dendritic cell... 

A report from a round table conference by Taylor et al. lists 1 mg of mustard or 0.3 mg of total mustard protein as the lowest provoking dose [12]. These results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge of 15 patients were reported by Fabienne Ranee (Department of Allergologie, Hopital des Enfants, Toulouse). A typical 50-g food serving containing 1 mg of mustard corresponds to a concentration of 20 mg of mustard per kilogram of food (or 20 ppm). 

Liittkopf D, Ballmer-Weber BK, Wiithrich B, Vieths S (2000). Celery allergens in patients with positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 106 390-399. 

Ortolani, C., Ballmer-Weber, B.K., Hansen, K.S., Ispano, M., WUthrich, B., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Ansaloni, R., Vannucci, L., Pravettoni, V., Scibilia, J., Poulsen, L.K., and Pastorello, E.A., Hazelnut allergy A double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge multicenter study, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 105, 577-581, 2000. 

Avoidance measures and oral double-blinded, placebo-controlled food challenges may be necessary to confirm the role of an allergen. Other substances may induce urticaria by non-IgE-mediated mechanisms, like additives, aspirin or... 

Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCEC) data for food allergies in the United States indicate that only seven foods account for nearly 95% of the reactions (58). The foods reported that cause adverse reactions in... 

Hourihane JO, Kilhurn SA, Nordlee JA, Hefle SL, Taylor SL, Warner JO. An evaluation of the sensitivity of subjects with peanut allergy to very low doses of peanut protein a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997 100 596-600. 

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