Film-badge dosimeters

Film badge A personal dosimeter containing photographic film that is darkened by ionizing radiation, used to evaluate the degree of ionizing radiation exposure in comparison to a control film. 

Adequate monitoring of exposure (film badges, dosimeters, etc.) ... 

Personnel monitoring is required when an occupational worker is likely to receive an excess of 10% of the annual dose limit from radiation sources and for individuals entering high or very high radiation areas. Monitoring is accomplished by using film badges or thermoluminiscent dosimeters (TLD). 

All people engaged in radioactive work are required by law to be registered as radiation workers. Maximum permitted radiation doses for radiation workers are prescribed by the International Atomic Energy Agency and are monitored by film badges and pocket dosimeters or TLD. At all times the ALAR A principle (i.e., as low as reasonably attainable dose) applies to any person working with radioactivity. 

Current regulations in the United States require that no member of the public may receive more than 500 mrem/year whole-body exposure from nonmedical x-ray equipment. On the other hand, a designated radiation worker may receive up to 5 rem/year whole-body exposure and 75 rem/year to hands and forearms. In order to record this exposure value, radiation workers wear film badges or similar dosimeters since it is assumed that they will be working around operating radiation sources and it is potentially possible to exceed this permissible exposure. 

A dose meter or dosimeter is an instrument that measures radiation dose. Personnel dosimetry is accomplished with such devices as the film badge, thermoluminescent dosimeter, or pocket ionization chamber. In this way continuous recording of cumulative radiation dose can be maintained. 

Radiation standard found in 29 CFR 1910.1096. Employers must supply appropriate personnel monitoring equipment such as film badges, pocket chambers, pocket dosimeters, or film rings. 

Survey means an evaluation of the radiation hazards incident to the prodnction, nse, release, disposal, or presence of radioactive materials or other sources of radiation nnder a specific set of conditions. When appropriate, such evaluation includes a physical survey of the location of materials and equipment and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of radioactive material present. Every employer shall supply appropriate personnel monitoring equipment, snch as film badges, pocket chambers, pocket dosimeters, or film rings, and should ensure the use of such equipment by exposed employees. Personnel monitoring equipment means devices designed to be worn or carried by an individual for the purpose of measuring the dose received. 

Dosimeter—Small portable instrument (such as a film badge, thermo luminescent dosimeter, or pocket dosimeter) for measuring and recording the total accumulated dose of ionizing radiation a person receives. 

A second type of badge detector is a thermoluminescence dosimeter that traps energy from radiation in a thermoluminescent material that releases this energy when it is heated. These detectors have largely replaced film badges because they are very sensitive and have a linear response over a wide range of doses as well as dose rates. 

External exposure can be measured by personnel monitoring using film badges or thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) in occupational and environmental monitoring, additionally, dose rate meters based on G-M tubes, proportional counters, scintillation detectors, etc., are introduced. 

Film badge holder, thermoluminescent fTL] dosimeters (in the form of discs and rings), electronic and radon dosimeters... 

A criticality accident was simulated using tee health physics research reactor (HPRR) to determine the response of teree Union Cartiide Nuclear Division health physics teams in analyzing e sed personnel (film badges) and area dosimeters to determine the magnitude of the accident and the radiation dose received Iqr personnel at the site of the accident. Since the recovery of e sed personnel may d nd on es ly medical treatment, it is essential that reliable estimates (d the dose received hr each victim be obtained as rapidly as possible. CmUnnons reanalyses it tee exposed dosimeters conibined with clinical procedures must, of course, be made to detemune the actual radiation dose accumulated by tee eq iosed individuals. 

The criticality accident was simulated by a single burst of the HPRR that resulted in a total yield of 6 x 10 neutrons. Following the burst, film badges and saline-solution samples taken from each phantom along with one of the area dosimeters were given to each health physics team. Each team was asked to provide in minimum time dose estimates and their uncertainties. The teams were also asked to report revised dose data as the data became available. No information other than the sodium concentration in the saline solution was provided to each team. 

An example of an intermediate technique lying between medical monitoring and measurement of the amount of stressor in the workplace is the use of film badges and TLD dosimeters to measure exposure to ionizing radiation. 

What is a film-badge dosimeter, and how does it work ... 

A film-badge dosimeter is a badge that consists of photographic film held in a small case that is pinned to clothing. It is used to monitor a person s exposure to radiation. The more exposed the film has become in a given period of time, the more the person has been exposed to radioactivity. 

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