Radiation energy from

The considerable bandwidth and the high intensity are characteristic for absorption bands due to intermolecular charge transfer without ionization. They appear when an electron is transferred, under the effect of radiation energy, from a donor molecule to a free orbital of another molecule (acceptor). The charge transfer bands occur in the near ultraviolet and are broad in general. 

In modern organisms, the continuous victimization of nucleobases is a well-known problem that is counteracted by sophisticated repair systems [167]. At the earliest steps of evolution, repair systems were absent, so the photodestruction of nucleobases could have hindered the selection of the first replicators. The photodestruction of nucleobases could be, however, prevented by radiation-absorbing templates. Many minerals can take up radiation energy from the adsorbed photoactive compounds. For example, montmorillonite particles have been shown to protect catalytic RNA molecules (hairpin ribozyme 1) from UV-induced damage ... 

To achieve a high efficiency of utilization of the y-radiation energy from a radioisotope source, it is necessary for the product being treated to occupy a large fraction of the solid angle surrounding the source and to be present in sufficient depth so that the gamma rays are considerably... 

Absorption of radiation energy from the tank wails... 

The values obtained for channeling radiation energies from the many-beam formulation are listed in Table IV. For the 2p-ls transitions, there is reasonable agreement with the result of the LCAO-type calculations. The upper three lines and the more accurate... 

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