Radiation area very high

The emitted beam of coherent radiation is narrow and can be focused into a very small area. This means that the density of radiation that can be delivered for any one pulse over a small area is very high, much higher than can be delivered by conventional light sources operating with similar power inputs. 

Because of the unique features of the x-ray radiation available at synchrotrons, many novel experiments ate being conducted at these sources. Some of these unique features are the very high intensity and the brightness (number of photons per unit area per second), the neatly parallel incident beam, the abihty to choose a narrow band of wavelengths from a broad spectmm, the pulsed nature of the radiation (the electrons or positrons travel in bunches), and the coherence of the beam (the x-ray photons in a pulse are in phase with one another). The appHcations are much more diverse than the appHcations described in this article. The reader may wish to read the articles in the Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Hsted in the bibhography. 

As one can see by the typical values of the junction-to-air thermal resistance, it doesn t require much power to result in very high junction temperatures. If the designer can possible mount the power package on any metal surface to increase the radiating surface area, it will only improve the junction temperature. 

Very high radiation area Accessible area where radiation levels could allow an individual to receive an absorbed dose in excess of 500 rads (5 Gy) in 1 hour at 1 meter from a radiation source or from any surface the radiation... 

The point is also made [134] that the very high surface areas and the richly interconnected three-dimensional networks of these micron-sized spaces, coupled with periods of desiccation, could together have produced microenvironments rich in cat-alytically produced complex chemicals and possibly membrane-endosed vesides of bacterial size. These processes would provide the proximate concatenation of lipid vesicular precursors with the complex chemicals that would ultimately produce the autocatalytic and self-replicating chiral systems. A 2.5 km2 granite reef is estimated to contain possibly 1018 catalytic microreactors, open by diffusion to the dynamic reservoir of organic molecules. .. but protected from the dispersive effects of flow and convection [134] as well as protected from the high flux of ultraviolet radiation impinging on the early Earth. [123,137]... 

Very high radiation area Airborne radioactive area Labelling of containers... 

Very high radiation area is an area in which an individual could receive from radiation sources an absorbed dose in excess of 500 rad (5Gy) in lh at 1 m from the source. 

Personnel monitoring is required when an occupational worker is likely to receive an excess of 10% of the annual dose limit from radiation sources and for individuals entering high or very high radiation areas. Monitoring is accomplished by using film badges or thermoluminiscent dosimeters (TLD). 

Define restricted area, radiation area, high radiation area, and very high radiation area. 

An important result here is that daily variations in the plant efficiency are very small even for days with markedly varying claudiness. Annual variaton is also small especially for the sun-rich areas. This means that estimations based on the product of the mean efficiency and radiation intensity are highly satisfactory. 

---