SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Back-donation of electronic charge Back-donation of electrons Directing Electron-Donating Effects of Alkyl Groups Donation of bonding electrons Effects of Electron-Donating Groups (EDG) Electron donation Electron-donating effect (stabilization of carbocation) Electron-donating effects, of alkyl Electron-donating effects, of alkyl groups Halogens show evidence of both electron withdrawal and donation Number of Electrons Donated to the Metal Number of electrons donated Part B Directing Effects of Electron Donating Groups