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DNA Measurement

The nanoparticle labels can be used to detect DNA following the general stages (1) Attachment of DNA probe or target to the electrode, [2) attachment of DNA probe or target to the label, (3) hybridization to form a duplex, (4) dissolution of the metal ions in the label (50% HNO3 for Ag dissolution, 1 M HBr/0.1 mM Br2 for Au), and (5) detection of the metal ions. [Pg.278]

DNA probes are usually in the range 12-40 base pairs. Above 40 base pairs, folding of the probe on the electrode is likely to lower hybridization efficiency by steric hindrance. Also, at such lengths the degree of binding to partial mismatches may be significant. At below 12 base pairs the probe is unlikely to be unique to a particular sequence. [Pg.278]

DNA can be immobilized on the electrode by either covalent linking or physical adsorption. DNA modified by a thiol group can be chemically attached to gold electrodes [115-117] following the formation of the sulphur-gold bond  [Pg.278]

Alternatively, the gold electrode can be modified with a thiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) bearing functional groups suitable to bind DNA [118], Often this binding is performed via a coupling reagent such as l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), which enables aminated or carboxylated DNA to bond with the appropriately carboxylated or aminated functional group on the electrode [119], or on a polymer deposited on the electrode [Pg.278]


The diameter of the double helix of B-DNA, measured between phosphorus atoms, is just 2.0 nm. The rise per turn, the pitch, is 3.4 nm. There are about ten base pairs per turn (9.7 and 10.6 in two different crystal forms).68 69 Thus, the rise per base pair is 0.34 nm, just the van der Waals thickness of an aromatic ring (Table 2-1). It is clear that the bases are stacked in the center of the helix. A 1000-bp (1-kb) gene would be a segment of DNA rod about 340 nm long, about 1/40 the length of the molecule in the electron micrograph of Fig. 5-13. [Pg.213]

Figueroa, I. del C., Simmons, M.S. (1991) Structure-activity relationships of chlorobenzenes using DNA measurement as a toxicity parameter in algae. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10, 323-329. [Pg.554]

Fig. 11.4. DNA synthesis in cells subcultured from stationary phase culture. Mouse L929 cells were subcultured into 5 cm dishes (4 x10s cells/5 ml Eagle s MEM containing 10% calf serum). At the indicated times they were incubated for 1-h periods with tritiated thymidine and incorporation into DNA measured. Fig. 11.4. DNA synthesis in cells subcultured from stationary phase culture. Mouse L929 cells were subcultured into 5 cm dishes (4 x10s cells/5 ml Eagle s MEM containing 10% calf serum). At the indicated times they were incubated for 1-h periods with tritiated thymidine and incorporation into DNA measured.
Fig. 12.1. Equilibration of tritiated thymidine with the acid-soluble pool and incorporation into DNA. Mouse L929 cells, growing in 5 cm dishes, were incubated with [3H]thymidine (0.7/iCi/ml 5/tM) for the indicated times after which the cells were quickly washed three times with ice-cold BSS. The acid-soluble material (AS) was extracted into cold i% TCA and after further acid and ethanol washes the cells were solubilised in 0.3 N NaOH and incorporation into DNA measured. (Reproduced from Adams, 1969a, with kind permission of the publisher.)... Fig. 12.1. Equilibration of tritiated thymidine with the acid-soluble pool and incorporation into DNA. Mouse L929 cells, growing in 5 cm dishes, were incubated with [3H]thymidine (0.7/iCi/ml 5/tM) for the indicated times after which the cells were quickly washed three times with ice-cold BSS. The acid-soluble material (AS) was extracted into cold i% TCA and after further acid and ethanol washes the cells were solubilised in 0.3 N NaOH and incorporation into DNA measured. (Reproduced from Adams, 1969a, with kind permission of the publisher.)...
Fig. 12.3. Effect of thymidine concentration on incorporation. CHO cells were incubated with tritiated thymidine supplied at various concentrations and incorporation of radioactivity into DNA measured (for details, see legend to Fig. 12.4). Fig. 12.3. Effect of thymidine concentration on incorporation. CHO cells were incubated with tritiated thymidine supplied at various concentrations and incorporation of radioactivity into DNA measured (for details, see legend to Fig. 12.4).
Fig. 3.3. Folding transition of T4 phage DNA induced by the addition of the triva-lent cation spermidine. The abscissa and ordinate axes are the spermidine concentration and long axis length of DNA measured by fluorescence microscopic observation (see [11] for more details)... Fig. 3.3. Folding transition of T4 phage DNA induced by the addition of the triva-lent cation spermidine. The abscissa and ordinate axes are the spermidine concentration and long axis length of DNA measured by fluorescence microscopic observation (see [11] for more details)...
Cadet J, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Ravanat J-L. (2005) Radiation-induced damage to cellular DNA Measurement and biological role. Rad Rhys Chem 72 293-299. [Pg.228]

Is the increased epidermal thickness accompanied by an increase in size of the epidermal cell (hypertrophy) Or are there just more cells (hyperplasia) Despite histologic (H2) and electron microscopic (B36) impressions to the contrary, biochemical evidence indicates that the cell size in the psoriatic lesion is no different than normal. This conclusion is based on measurements indicating that both normal and psoriatic epidermis contain approximately two-thirds water by weight (H2, M15, S17) and, therefore, have the same wet dry weight ratio in conjunction with DNA measurements which have been made in normal and psoriatic skin. [Pg.338]

The binding Isotherms for the Interaction of the anthracycllne antibiotics, adriamycin and daunorubicin, with calf thymus DNA, measured by phase partition techniques, are shown In Figure 3. Both drugs show Initially Increasing binding Isotherms, Indicative of a cooperative binding process, and reach a maximum... [Pg.273]

Ueberfeld J, Walt DR (2004) Reversible ratiometric probe for quantitative DNA measurements. Anal Chem 76 947-952... [Pg.296]

A large variety of different sensors made of PSi has been fabricated over recent years. The detection and quantification of bacterium, viruses and other organic materials, including DNA, measured by PSi sensors have been reported (Saha, 2008 Miller, 2012). The properties of gas sensors will be discussed below. [Pg.409]

Fig. 2. The kinetics of reassociation of calf thymus DNA measured with hydroxyapatite. The DNA was sheared to small fragments and the single-stranded fragments incubated under renaturing conditions. At various times samples were passed over a hydroxyapatite column at 60 C, under conditions in which only duplex DNA binds to hydroxyapatite. Because of the large range in Cot values, different initial concentrations (Cq) of calf DNA were used to obtain the complete renaturation curve A, 2 jug/nni , 10/xg/ml o, 600Mg/ml and 8,600 /ug/ml. The crosses are radioactively labeled E. coli DNA at 43 jug/ml present in the renaturing mixture of calf thymus DNA at 8,600 The rate of renaturation of E. coli DNA provides an internal standard with which the... Fig. 2. The kinetics of reassociation of calf thymus DNA measured with hydroxyapatite. The DNA was sheared to small fragments and the single-stranded fragments incubated under renaturing conditions. At various times samples were passed over a hydroxyapatite column at 60 C, under conditions in which only duplex DNA binds to hydroxyapatite. Because of the large range in Cot values, different initial concentrations (Cq) of calf DNA were used to obtain the complete renaturation curve A, 2 jug/nni , 10/xg/ml o, 600Mg/ml and 8,600 /ug/ml. The crosses are radioactively labeled E. coli DNA at 43 jug/ml present in the renaturing mixture of calf thymus DNA at 8,600 The rate of renaturation of E. coli DNA provides an internal standard with which the...

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