Distribution color compounding

The heterocycle of anthocyanidins is a pyrilium kation. Anthocyanidins are typically not found as free aglycones, with the excepton of the following widely distributed, colored compounds Pelargonidin (orange-red 1.45), cyanidin (red 1.46), peonidin (rose-red 1.47), delphinidin (blue-violet 1.48), petunidin (blue-purple 1.49), and malvidin (purple 1.50). A convenient mnemonic is PCP-DPM. The most common anthocyanidin is cyanidin. These compounds are present in the vacuoles of colored plant tissues such as leaves or flower petals. The color of the pigment depends on... 

Figure 10.1-12. Distribution of compounds in the layer of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors neurons colored m black and marked with a circle contain i inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, and neurons in light gray contain other compounds.

Flavonoids are widely distributed colored phenolic derivatives. Related compounds include flavones, flavonols, flavanonols, xanthones, flavanones, chalcones, aurones, anthocyanins, and cat-echins (see Chapter 29). Plants containing flavonoids with anticancer properties include ... 

Once the fluorescent colorant passes quality control testing, it is then distributed to compounders to be made into color concentrate. Once in solid masterbatch or liquid concentrate form, the fluorescents are used in a wide variety of applications, including injection molding, rotational molding, blow molding, extrusion, and vacuum forming. These fluorescent colorants are used primarily in polyolefins, in vinyl plastisols, and somewhat less in styrenics, acrylics, and ABS. 

Sorption, Sorption, sometimes referred flavor scalping, is the uptake of food components [such as flavor, aroma, or color compounds (called sorbates)] by the package material. Many sorption studies of food components have been reported. Similarity in chemical structures between the sorbate and polymers, as indicated by close values of the solubility parameter, enhance sorption. As the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the polymer increases, sorption also increases. Metallocenes, or in-site... 

Flavones. These compounds are the most widely distributed natural coloring matter formerly used as dyestuffs. The term flavone was first suggested in 1895 (69), and is indicative of their yellow color ijlavus, Latin for yellow). They have lost their commercial value as dyes since the advent of synthetic dyes in 1856. 

The striking feature of many coordination compounds is that they are colored or paramagnetic or both. How do these properties arise To find out, we need to understand the electronic structures of complexes, the details of the bonding, and the distribution of their electrons. 

As for anthocyanins, betalains are found in vacuoles and cytosols of plant cells. From the various natural sources of betalains, beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) are the only edible sources of these compounds. In the food industry, betalains are less commonly used as natural colorants from plant sources than anthocyanins and carotenoids, probably related to their more restricted distribution in nature. To date, red beetroot is the only betalain source exploited for use as a natural food coloring agent. The major betalain in red beetroot is betanin (or betanidin 5-0-P-glucoside). Prickly pear fruits contain mainly (purple-red) betanin and (yellow-orange) indicaxanthin and the color of these fruits is directly related to the betanin-to-indicaxanthin ratio (99 to 1, 1 to 8, and 2 to 1, respectively in white, yellow, and red fruits)." ... 

Dunaliella natural P-carotene is distributed widely in many different markets under three categories p-carotene extracts, Dunaliella powder for human use, dried Dunaliella for feed use. Extracted purified P-carotene is sold mostly in vegetable oil in bulk concentrations from 1 to 20% to color various food products and for personal use in soft gels usually containing 5 mg P-carotene per gel. Purified natural p-carotene is generally accompanied by the other Dunaliella carotenoids, primarily lutein, neoxanthin, zeaxan-thin, violaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, and a-carotene for a total of approximately 15% of carotene concentration. This compound is marketed as carotenoids mix. ... 

Another special case is the yellow compound LiVTeOs. The charge distribution in the ground state is Li(I)Te(IV)V(V)05 [54]. This suggests that the yellow color is due to a Te(IV)(5s )-V(V)(3d°) MMCT transition. 

---