Distributed variant

Distributed variants of transactions, such as authentication for more than one recipient simultaneously. ... 

An extension of external verifiability is distributed variants of transactions, e.g., a variant of authentication where several recipients take part and either all of them accept the message as authenticated or none does. In contrast to observers, all these recipients should be able to win disputes about the message. 

In contrast, if a distributed variant of a transaction is required, an arbitrary protocol between all the entities concerned is allowed. 

There exists a distributed variant of authentication for this scheme (see Section 5.2.11), i.e., a protocol where either all the recipients accept a signature or none does [PfWa92b]. This is not trivial, even if reliable broadcast channels are given, because the entities of the recipients have different test keys. 

The first term on the right is the common inverse cube law, the second is taken to be the empirically more important form for moderate film thickness (and also conforms to the polarization model, Section XVII-7C), and the last term allows for structural perturbation in the adsorbed film relative to bulk liquid adsorbate. In effect, the vapor pressure of a thin multilayer film is taken to be P and to relax toward P as the film thickens. The equation has been useful in relating adsorption isotherms to contact angle behavior (see Section X-7). Roy and Halsey [73] have used a similar equation earlier, Halsey [74] allowed for surface heterogeneity by assuming a distribution of Uq values in Eq. XVII-79. Dubinin s equation (Eq. XVII-75) has been mentioned another variant has been used by Bonnetain and co-workers [7S]. 

The major part of each chapter deals with mechanistic aspects however, for didactic reasons, in most cases not with too much detail. Side-reactions, variants and modified procedures with respect to product distribution and yields are described. Recent, as well as older examples for the application of a particular reaction or method are given, together with references to the original literature. These examples are not aimed at a complete treatment of every aspect of a particular reaction, but are rather drawn from a didactic point of view. 

Several splice variants of MOP (formerly MOR-1) have been cloned (MOP-1A to MOR-1X). The B, C, andD variants differ in their amino acid sequence at the C-terminal end [4]. These receptor valiants differ in their distribution in the central nervous system and in the rate of internalization and desensitization upon... 

Perhaps the most powerful variant of this approach is the use of labelled starting materials or additives and analyzing the products for isotopic distribution. This technique is valuable in assessing the importance of molecular detachment processes. Moreover, unique distributions result from proton, hydride, and H2 transfer particularly in. the presence of radical scavengers and these have been studied extensively (4, 6). 

Zn, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Sb Structure variants with an extended statistical distribution or with partial ordering... 

In favor of this hypothesis is the fact that in both coupling variants the observed diastereomer distribution is roughly in accord with a simple statistical model, excluding any direct interaction between the relatively bulky (by the trimethylsilyl groups and the Cp rings) monomer units. 

Phytoestrogens may elicit their biological effects by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Until recently, only a single ER isoform, ERa, had been identified however, a second receptor termed ERp has also been identified (Enmark et al, 1997, 1999 Saunders et al, 2000, 2001). It has been shown that the ERs have different intracellular and tissue distribution patterns and are responsible for different biological effects (see Table 5.1). A number of spliced variants of both ERa and ERp have also been identified (Inoue et al, 2000 Ogawa et al, 1998 Vladusic et al, 1998). 

The distribution of open channel times is mainly determined by the rate constants S and K (2 is assumed to be very small). Mutations which change the C to O transition (e.g., the burst size of channel opening) have not been characterized yet. However, structural alterations which affect k and thereby the level of steady state inactivation have been described for Sh channels [29,60]. Different splice variants of Sh channels... 

This first case vividly illustrates the importance of the boundary condition. Indeed, Poisson s equation or the system of field equations have an infinite number of solutions corresponding to different distributions of masses located outside the volume. Certainly, we can mentally picture unlimited variants of mass distribution and expect an infinite number of different fields within the volume V. In other words, Poisson s equation, or more precisely, the given density inside the volume V, allows us to find the potential due to these masses, while the boundary condition (1.83) is equivalent to knowledge of masses situated outside this volume. It is clear that if masses are absent in the volume V, the potential C7 is a harmonic function and it is uniquely defined by Dirichlet s condition. 

This chapter discusses the synthesis, characterization and applications of a very unique mesoporous material, TUD-1. This amorphous material possesses three-dimensional intercoimecting pores with narrow pore size distribution and excellent thermal and hydrothermal stabilities. The basic material is Si-TUD-1 however, many versions of TUD-1 using different metal variants have been prepared, characterized, and evaluated for a wide variety of hydrocarbon processing applications. Also, zeolitic material can be incorporated into the mesoporous TUD-1 to take the advantage of its mesopores to facilitate the reaction of large molecules, and enhance the mass transfer of reactants, intermediates and products. Examples of preparation and application of many different TUD-1 are described in this chapter. 

The vertebrates show many morpho-functional variants on a basic theme (Chap. 2). Some of these, such as the pattern of distribution of the genetically distinct chemosensory neurones within die VN epithelium, will be related to the level of complexity of the animal. In some groups, the VNO can be equally complex, whilst the accessory areas of the brain will differ in complexity, as in the advanced reptiles and mammals. Eventually, detailed comparisons of the genomic repertoire of the various accessory systems should reveal the extent of the operational distinctions amongst them. Of particular interest would be the events which account for the suppression of AOS morphogenesis, and those which compensate for its absence. 

---