Dispersion graphite oxide

S. Stankovich, R.D. Piner, X. Chen, N. Wu, S.T. Nguyen, R.S. Ruoff, Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16 (2006) 155. 

Metal or graphite encapsulated waste oxides (0 and U) Atomically dispersed waste oxides in a ceramic titanium dioxide matrix (7>8). 

The art of filler dispersion in polymer matrix is easily determined by X-ray analysis especially WAXS analysis. The intensity and position of X-ray diffraction peaks reveals the exact idea regarding the morphological structure of polymer nanocomposites. Figure 22.11 compares reduced graphite oxide dispersions in NR matrix by different processes such as milling and solution casting methods. 

Turov, V.V., Karpenko, G.A., Bakai, E.A., and Chuiko, 1991a. Influence of electron-donor molecules on the properties of graphite-oxide dispersion. Theoret. Eksp. Khim. 27 201-205. 

The thermally exfoliated graphite oxide can be dispersed in a wide variety of polymers, e.g., polyolefins, polyesters, nylons, polystyrenes, and polycarbonates, and also in elastomers. It is also possible to compoimd the thermally exfoliated graphite oxide into the monomeric precursors of these pol5miers and to effect the polymerization in the presence of the thermally exfoliated graphite oxide nanofiller. To formulate a conductive ink, solvents are added, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, and others (20). 

Figure 7.37 Digital pictures of expandable graphite/DMF (a) and expandable graphite oxide/ DMF dispersions (b). Reproduced from Ref [50] with permission.

Fig. 8 Preparation of functionalized graphene (FG) dispersions from graphite via thermolysis of graphite oxide (above) and via solution exfoliation (below)...

As already mentioned, PVA is a water soluble polymer used in applications such as packaging films where water solubility is desired. It is the most readily biodegradable of the vinyl polymers, which makes it a potentially useful material in biomedical, agricultural, and water treatment areas, for example, as a flocculant, or scavenger of metal ions. Moreover, due to its water solubility, PVA can also be used as a model for particle dispersion in aqueous suspensions, especially those from CNWs and some clays. As a consequence, PVA has been largely used to produce nanocomposites with clays, cellulose, and chitin whiskers, silver nanoparticles, graphite oxide, and carbon nanotubes. 

Graphite oxide has been synthesized and smdied by chemists since 1859 when it was first discovered by British chemist B.C. Brodie, who used potassium chlorate (KCIO3) to oxidize graphite slurry in fuming nitric acid (HNO3). Due to the dispersible namre of... 

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