Disintegration hypothesi

On the basis of this evidence, Rutherford and Soddy in 1902 put forward their disintegration hypothesis. They proposed that radioactive elements were undergoing spontaneous transformation into new elements, and therefore the atoms of radioactive elements were breaking down into new atoms. Within the space of five years the Daltonian concept of the chemical atom had undergone a radical change. Not only had the existence of subatomic particles (electrons) been demonstrated, but also transmutation was shown to be a natural phenomenon. In their paper of 1902 Rutherford and Soddy also demonstrated that the decay of a radioactive substance followed an exponential law. 

Such observations led to the hypothesis that regulated expression of PL3 in transgenic potatoes could contribute to enhanced tissue disintegration during storage or thermal treatment. This report addresses the properties of several independent transgenic potato plant lines that express PL3, either constitutively or tuber-specific. We also describe the results obtained following application of Erwinia bacteria to wounded potato tubers. 

As Kelvin put it in a 1903 letter to Ramsay, The hypothesis of evolution in the atom or transformation in its substance, coupled with the supposition that the energy emitted by the radium is taken out of store in the atom, seems to me utterly improbable. And Travers notes that in June 1903, at a private dinner for Madame Curie and Kelvin, Madame Curie did her best to convert her dinner partner to the disintegration theory, without success (252). 

Since meteorites are known to have high levels of iridium, some scientists have suggested that the sediment enrichment was produced by the impact of a very large comet, which either disintegrated in Earth s atmosphere or exploded upon impact. This hypothesis assumes that a huge amount of airborne debris was produced and distributed... 

Guyot-Hermann, A.M., and Ringard, J., Disintegration mechanisms of tablets eontaining starches. Hypothesis about the particle-particle repulsive force. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 7 155-177 (1981). 

Laboratory at the University of Munich. At the Radium Institute in Vienna he made the first accurate determination of the atomic weight of radium. His work on radioactive elements strikingly confirmed the hypothesis of atomic disintegration proposed by Rutherford and Soddy. 

In the hypothesis, Points 5 and 8 above (alternative structures) have come under criticism, first by Skovborg et al. (1992) and then by Natarajan et al. (1994). However, Skovborg noted that alternating structures may account for some of his nucleation data. A further criticism of the labile cluster hypothesis is that the energy barrier for agglomeration of clusters is far larger than cluster disintegration (Radhakrishnan and Trout, 2002). 

Conclusion arid Discussion—As the results of the present experiment exhibit no deviation from the law Up = constant it follows that both the positive and the negative ions did not disintegrate at the potentials employed. It may be seen from the tables that the values of X/p were very close to the values at which sparking would occur in the respective gases. And since the cluster hypothesis demands the disintegration of the ions when the values of X/p are much lower than those employed,15 it therefore follows that these results are directly contradictory to this hypothesis. 

These basic chemical reactions occur when blood clots (the Fuld-Mora-witz hypothesis). However, the blood clot is a complex structure derived from the blood, in which cells and fluid matrix are held together and to the wall of the container by fibres of the protein, fibrin, together with disintegrated platelets. The rate at which sufficient thrombin is formed to provide an... 

The fast disintegration of DDT under UV radiation is even more important. In 1969 the photolysis of DDT and its principal metabolite DDE, was studied by irradiation nm) in methanol. Besides other products of degradation such as DDD, DDMU, dichlwoboizqphenone, dichloio-3,6-fluorenone, the presence of PCBs was highlighted. The hypothesis that the DDT could be a source of PCBs in the environment was proved only for the bi-, tri-, and tetra-chlorinated biphenyls [8]. 

The unequal distribution of angnlar momentnm between the planets and the sun remains an unsolved problem, bnt not considered serions enough to finally abandon the nebular hypothesis. Rival theories such as the disintegration of one of a binary pair of stars to form the planets also leave many questions unanswered and a qnantitatively correct model has not been formulated. However, after the time of Newton observational astronomy moved out of the solar system to examine the stars in the Milky Way, also known as the Galaxy, based on the Greek word for milk. 

According to Rayleigh s hypothesis, it is just this mode that is responsible for the jet s disintegration. 

T have found the theory that the atoms of the radio-active bodies are undergoing spontaneous disintegration extremely serviceable, not only in correlating the known phenomena, but also in suggesting new lines of research. A year later the theory had proved to be a most powerful and valuable method of analysing the connection between the series of substances which arise from the transformation of the radioelements. He pointed out that the discovery of the material nature of the a-rays, and hence the expulsion of a-particles from the atoms of a disintegrating element, afford strong evidence for the hypothesis. 

Such heteropolyanions are voluminous and thus much more easily polarisable. In the vicinity of the cathode surface in the electric double layer, these anions are strongly polarized and finally disintegrate to smaller particles from which metallic molybdenum is deposited. By the diffraction analysis of solid deposit on the walls of the reaction chamber it was found, that the deposit was completely composed of K2S1F6, which supports the hypothesis of formation of hetero-polyanions according to the above... 

In this chapter we consider some of the experiments that led to the conclusion that the atom is electrical in nature. Dalton s concept of a structureless atom provided no mechanism to explain these observa tions. These experiments, started over 150 years ago, also culminated in the discovery of X rays and radioactivity (Section 25.1). The spontaneous disintegration of naturally radioactive atoms into smaller particles contradicts the Daltonian hypothesis that atoms are unalterable. In turn, these discoveries inaugurated a more complete theory of the structure of atoms—the nuclear theory of the atom—and reaffirmed the atom as the unit of chemical changes. 

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