Disinfection systems hydrogen peroxide

Contact lenses - [CONTACT LENSES] (Vol 7) -disinfectant for [CITLORINE OXYGEN ACIDS AND SALTS - CH.OROUS ACID, CH.ORITES, AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE] (Vol 5) -disinfectants for [DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS] (Vol 8) -methacrylates m [METHACRYLIC POLYMERS] (Vol 16) -PVP hydrogels [VINYL POLYMERS - N-VINYLAMIDE POLYMERS] (Vol 24) -sterilization usingH202 [HYDROGEN PEROXIDE] (Vol 13) -use m drug delivery [DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS] (Vol 8)... 

Owing to the textile-related topics which are covered in this book, this chapter is devoted to a description of a sensor which has been developed to measure and control high hydrogen peroxide concentrations in bleaching processes, and its extension with a flow-injection system to adopt it for use in disinfecting processes. 

Production equipment that cannot be sterilized must be sanitized and disinfected by an appropriate method. This can be done by use of biocides like alcohols (70%), hydrogen peroxide, or formaldehyde-based chemicals or a combination of these. These can either be used for surface disinfections by wiping or spraying or even better by use of gas or dry fog systems for application of the disinfectants. The effect of cleaning and sanitation should be monitored. Microbiological media contact plates can be used to test critical surfaces, as inside the hot cells or glove boxes. The test samples must then be handled and monitored as radioactive contaminated units. 

In addition, assessment of the patient s contact lens cleaning regimen is also important. Cleaning regimen, once a critical component to lens care, has been eliminated with daily disposable lens replacement and has evolved with frequent lens replacement. Daily cleaning is essential, and when applicable, disinfection with a hydrogen peroxide system may still be an important consideration.The use of enzymatic cleaning has diminished because disposable lenses have replaced the need for it, but it may be a consideration in select cases. 

Polyamide membranes are also not resistant to the strong oxidizing actions of disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. Acids used to the clean membrane system must be rinsed out thoroughly before application of hypochlorite for disinfection as hypochlorite at low pH can cause corrosion in stainless steel. The pH of the chemical cleaning solution must fall within the tolerable range of pH 1-13 for polysulfone membranes and pH 3-8 for CA membranes (87). 

The CIP system is used for chemical sanitising also. Disinfection was discussed in Section 2.2. The most common chemical disinfectants are chlorine, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. 

Kanno T, Nakamura K, Ikai H, Kikuchi K, Sasaki K, Niwano Y (2012) Literature review of the role of hydroxyl radicals in chemically-induced mutagenicity and carcinogenicity for the risk assessment of a disinfection system utilizing photolysis of hydrogen peroxide. J Clin Biochem Nutr 51 9-14... 

Chemical oxidizers used to disinfect RO systems include hydrogen peroxide (peroxide), halogens, and ozone. Although halogens (and specifically chlorine) are the most popular oxidizers using in conjunction with RO pretreatment, they do not have the highest oxidization-reduction potential (ORP). Table 8.8 lists the ORP for several oxidizers. As the table shows, ozone and peroxide have nearly twice the ORP or oxidative power as chlorine. Despite the relatively low ORP, chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant in brackish water RO pretreatment due to its ease of use and its ability to provide residual disinfection (for seawater desalination using RO, bromine (as HOBr)... 

Chemical disinfectants that can be used as space decontaminants include formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde vapor, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and methyl bromide. When these are used in closed systems and under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity, excellent disinfection can be obtained. Residues from ethylene oxide must be removed by aeration ethylene oxide is convenient to use, versatile, and noncorrosive, but it is explosive and extremely toxic and, being a carcinogen, is a potential health hazard. Peracetic acid is corrosive for metals and rubber. 

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