Dished electrode membrane

DEM (Dished Electrode Membrane) Electrolytic Inc., Union, N.Y., tJSA [76]... 

Di-sec-butyl percarbonate (SBP), 6 303 Di-sec-butylphenol (DSBP), 2 230 physical properties of, 2 205t 2,4-Di-sec-butylphenol, 2 230 2,6-Di-sec-butylphenol, 2 230 health and safety data, 2 220t N, N -Di-sec- bu tyl-p -pheny lenediamine, 3 108 Dished electrode membrane (DEM) cell, 9 669... 

Hughes, D., 1988, The dished electrode membrane cell facilitates wide range of syntheses, Spec. Chem., 8 16, 17. 

Fig. 2J0 The dished electrode membrane (DEM) cell, (a) Section of the divided unit cell, (b) ScctLOEi of the undivided unit cell, (c) Exploded view of a divided unit cetL (d) An intermediate size reactor, comprising six unit cells, which is used for pilot-plant and small-scale production of, for example, pharmaceuticals, A larger cell stack, incorporating 34 unit cells is shown in Fig. 7.26. (Courtesy Electricity Council Research Centre)i...

The Dished Electrode Membrane cell (Fig. 2.30) uses specially shaped electrodes in order to provide a smalt interelectrode gap over the active electrode, while maintaining adequate peripheral space at the bottom and top of the electrodes for a conventional pipe manifold. When bipolar operation is used, the use of relatively long external manifolds (Fig. 2.30(d)) minimizes bypass currents. 

Steetley Engineering Ltd.) (Note The Dished Electrode Membrane cell has recently been acquired by Electrocatalytfc Ltd.)... 

One of the reactors uses the dished electrode membrane concept (section 2,7.3) (Fig. 7,26). It employs thirty-four cathodes, each I in area and fabricated from... 

Fig. 7.26 A dished-electrode cell stack for use in flue-gas desulphurization. Each cell is undivided and the stack contains 34 cathodes, each of 1 m. The electrical connections are monopolar with external electrolyte manifolding to each compartment. (Courtesy Steetley Engineering Ltd.) (Note The Dished-Electrode Membrane cell has recently been acquired by Electrocatalytic Ltd.)...

Many such processes continue to use parallel plate reactors, a number of which are now available for purchase (e.g. the SU cell[37], the dished electrode cell[38] and the FM21 cell[22]) but many syntheses fail to be applied because economic assessments are based on unnecessarily complex designs and expensive cell components developed for other application e.g. membranes, Ti cell bodies, electrode materials. Hence it is particularly good to see the development and application of very cheap configurations, for example the new Monsanto process[24] or the Swiss Roll cell[35j. It is to be hoped that more companies give consideration to cell systems specifically designed for particular processes. 

The preparation of the electrode membranes was as described previously [2], i.e., PVC (25 mg), a plasticizer or membrane solvent (67.5 mg), the calix[4]arene neutral carrier (10-30 mg) and lipophilic salt (0.5 mg) were dissolved in THF. The solution was poured into a Petri dish (21 mm i.d.). THF was evaporated slowly to yield the membrane with 0.1-0.2 nun thickness. 

Polar Cell Systems for Membrane Transport Studies Direct current electrical measurement in epithelia steady-state and transient analysis, 171, 607 impedance analysis in tight epithelia, 171, 628 electrical impedance analysis of leaky epithelia theory, techniques, and leak artifact problems, 171, 642 patch-clamp experiments in epithelia activation by hormones or neurotransmitters, 171, 663 ionic permeation mechanisms in epithelia biionic potentials, dilution potentials, conductances, and streaming potentials, 171, 678 use of ionophores in epithelia characterizing membrane properties, 171, 715 cultures as epithelial models porous-bottom culture dishes for studying transport and differentiation, 171, 736 volume regulation in epithelia experimental approaches, 171, 744 scanning electrode localization of transport pathways in epithelial tissues, 171, 792. 

Cut out a disk of about 5-8 mm in diameter and about 1mm in thickness of the agarized gel stratified on the Petri dish, remove from it and sandwich between a dialysis membrane and the gas permeable membrane of the Clark electrode secure the whole assembly to the head of the electrode by means of an O-ring. 

Matsumaea et al. [110] worked out an SECM method for detecting the intracellular NQO enzyme activity of a single cell. They employed menadione mediator for shuttling electrons through the cell membrane and ferticyanide as hydrophilic second mediator for increasing the electron exchange rate at the platinum surface of the microtip. In this study HeLa cells cultured on plastic Petri dish were tested and disc-type Pt electrode with a diameter of 20 pm (RG = 2) was used as SECM tip. 

Moody et al. introduced a more convenient approach for hquid membrane electrodes, where the membrane components (electroactive material, supporting polymer and plasticizer) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran or cyclohexanone at room temperature. The cocktail was poured in a Petri dish, where the slow evaporation of the solvent left a flexible master sheet of 10-100 pm thickness. The membrane was cut with a cork borer and mounted at the end of a plastic tube. The electrode body was filled with a standard internal solution of the target ion and saturated KCl as desired for establishing the potential of the internal reference electrode. Since these membranes contained 70 % (w/w) plasticizer and because... 

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