Exposure and disease

Susitaival, R, et al., Nordic occupational skin questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) a new tool for surveying occupational skin diseases and exposure. Contact Dermatitis, 49, 70, 2003. 

Firstly, the study population, disease (or diseases) and exposure should have been well defined by the authors. Cases of disease in the study population should have been identified in a way that was independent of the exposure of interest, and exposure should have been assessed in a way that was not related to disease status. 

A healthy lacrimal system is necessary for ocular comfort, resistance to disease and exposure, corneal oxygenation, and optimal visual function. A careful patient history and examination is necessary to arrive at an accurate diagnosis, which directs appropriate management. 

Clinicians should check for the development of inhibitors, especially in patients with severe disease and exposure to factor concentrates, at least yearly and with any suspicion of poor treatment... 

Agent Orange by the US Army in the Vietnam War. There is a statistical relationship between the development of risk for some diseases and exposure to this chemical of ex-servicemen. The US Government has a policy of making disability payments to these exposed ex-soldiers suffering from certain illnesses claimed to be Agent orange-related. Similar relationships have been shown forex-soldiers for the Vietnam Army. 

Immediately undertake improvements in CDC, state, and local disease and exposure surveillance and epidemiologic investigation infrastructure, and support them on a long-term basis. These improvements must focus on communicable disease epidemiology and laboratory programs and on poison control centers. 

Over the past decades, positive associations between development of asthma and asthma attacks have been reported in children that have existing disease and exposure to ETS in the indoor environment. In contrast, data on the effects of ETS exposure on adults with asthma are limited. Hersoug et al. (2010) found that indoor exposure to ETS is associated with respiratory symptoms and diminished lung function in adults (Hersoug et al. 2010). Furthermore, in one recent 10-year cohort smdy, Polosa et al. (2011) revealed that cigarette smoking is an important predictor of asthma severity and poor asthma control (Polosa et al. 2011). 

Eye Absorption of UV radiation by the cornea (that absorbs most of the UV-B) and by the lens the UV radiation rarely reaches the retina of the eye. However, acute short-term exposure of the eye to UV-B radiation can lead to increased incidence of eye decease ranging from simple snow blindness (photokeratitis) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Strongest correlation between eye diseases and exposure to solar radiation is observed for the condition pterigyium and climatic droplet keratopathy. With SCC, a recent epidemiological study found a strong relationship between the incidence of the disease and the latitude of exposure [2] (with 40-50 percent increase in incidence per 10° change in latitude). 

This access is designed to 3deld both direct and indirect improvements in the detection, treatment, and prevention of occupational disease. For example, access to these records will enable workers to determine patterns of health impairment and disease and to establish causal relationships between disease and exposure to particrdar hazards. Access to these records also should result in a decreased incidence of occupational exposcme and should aid in designing and implementing new control measimes. 

Ward HJ, MacKenzie JM, Llewelyn CA, Knight RS, Hewitt PE, Connor N, Molesworth A, Will RG. Variant Creutz-feldt-Jakob disease and exposure to fractionated plasma products. Vox Sang 2009 97(3) 207-10. 

The key step in assessing the effects of toxic substances is to establish a relationship between toxicant-caused disease and exposure to the toxic agent. In some cases, this is done by determining levels... 

Deubner D, Kelsh M, Shum M, et al. Berylhum sensitization, chronic berylhum disease, and exposures at a berylhum mining and extraction facility. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001 16(5) 579-592. 

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OCULAR DISEASE AND EXPOSURE TO ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS... 

The ECETOC Task Force carried out a critical evaluation of the evidence for an association between ocular disease and exposure to organophosphorus compounds (OPs). 

The ECETOC Task Force carried out a critical evaluation of the evidence for an association between ocular disease and exposure to organophosphorus compounds (OPs). This has been reported in the previous paper in this publication (Stonard et al., 1994). As a result of these deliberations a practical testing strategy was devised for the identification and characterisation of oculotoxicity in animal studies. The details of this strategy will now be described. 

Current immunoassays make use of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to capture test analytes from serum or plasma samples. A limitation for all sandwich-type immunoassays occurs when the patient sample contains heterophile or human anti-animal antibodies. These antibodies occur in patients with autoimmune diseases and exposure to animal antigens, respectively. When present, these antibodies bind to both the capture and signal antitroponin antibodies, thereby producing a falsely positive signal in the absence of the analyte (Figure 92.2b). Commercial assays for cardiac troponin are not immune... 

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