Disaccharides digestion

Krause, H. P., Keup, U., and Puls, W. (1982). Inhibition of disaccharide digestion in rat Intestine by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose (BAY g 5421). Digestion 23,232-238. 

Lactulose is the foundation of pharmacologic therapy to prevent and treat hepatic encephalopathy. It is a non-digestible synthetic disaccharide laxative that is hydrolyzed in the gut to an osmotically-active compound that draws water into the colon and stimulates defecation. Lactulose also lowers colonic pH, which favors the conversion of ammonia (NH3) to ammonium (NHf).48 Ammonium is ionic and cannot cross back into systemic circulation it is eliminated in the feces. Lactulose is usually initiated at 15 to 30 mL two to three times per day and titrated to a therapeutic goal of two to four soft bowel movements daily.20 49 50... 

Whereas a major proportion of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl residues is probably nonsulfated at C-6 (C-sulfation is expected to require prior N-sulfation),23 various degrees of C-sulfation have been reported for N-acetylated regions of heparan sulfates,148,149 and a 6-C-sul-fated, N-acetylated disaccharide was isolated from heparanase digests of heparan sulfates.114,115... 

Saliva begins the process of chemical digestion with salivary amylase. This enzyme splits starch molecules into fragments. Specifically, polysaccharides, or starches, are broken down into maltose, a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules. Salivary amylase may account for up to 75% of starch digestion before it is denatured by gastric acid in the stomach. 

One of the minor by products of the isolation procedure of the disaccharide from lysozyme digests of bacterial cell walls was the tetrasaccharide /i-GIcNAc-G 4)-/i-MurNAc-G 4)-/)-GlcNAc-(l 4)-MurNAc. This structure is readily cleaved by lysozyme, and has proved to be extremely useful in other laboratories for the study of the mechanism of action of the enzyme. 

The cell walls of Dicotyledons, especially in the Caryophyllales, yield upon Driselase digestion two major feruloyl-disaccharides, namely... 

Digestible carbohydrates include simple sugars, disaccharides, and polysaccharides (such as starches). 

It is a semisynthetic disaccharide of fructose and lactose. It is not digested or absorbed in small intestine thereby withdrawing water into bowel lumen. It breaks down in colon to form more osmotically active products. It also causes reduction in ammonia in hepatic coma. 

Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides, which are carbohydrate molecules containing two monosaccharide units. Figure 13.3 shows table sugar—sucrose—the most well-known disaccharide. In the digestive tract, sucrose is readily cleaved into its monosaccharide units, glucose and fructose. 

Disaccharides, such as sucrose, consist of two chemically bonded monosaccharide units, which are cleaved during digestion. 

Milk and milk products contain the disaccharide lactose, which is digested to galactose and glucose. 

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