Digestion of disaccharides

Digestion of disaccharides and polysaccharides cannot take place in the absence of water. Why do you think this is so Include an equation in your answer. (24.2)... 

FIGURE 19.3 Digestion of disaccharides During digestion, disaccharides are broken down into individual monosaccharide units. 

Lactulose is the foundation of pharmacologic therapy to prevent and treat hepatic encephalopathy. It is a non-digestible synthetic disaccharide laxative that is hydrolyzed in the gut to an osmotically-active compound that draws water into the colon and stimulates defecation. Lactulose also lowers colonic pH, which favors the conversion of ammonia (NH3) to ammonium (NHf).48 Ammonium is ionic and cannot cross back into systemic circulation it is eliminated in the feces. Lactulose is usually initiated at 15 to 30 mL two to three times per day and titrated to a therapeutic goal of two to four soft bowel movements daily.20 49 50... 

Whereas a major proportion of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl residues is probably nonsulfated at C-6 (C-sulfation is expected to require prior N-sulfation),23 various degrees of C-sulfation have been reported for N-acetylated regions of heparan sulfates,148,149 and a 6-C-sul-fated, N-acetylated disaccharide was isolated from heparanase digests of heparan sulfates.114,115... 

One of the minor by products of the isolation procedure of the disaccharide from lysozyme digests of bacterial cell walls was the tetrasaccharide /i-GIcNAc-G 4)-/i-MurNAc-G 4)-/)-GlcNAc-(l 4)-MurNAc. This structure is readily cleaved by lysozyme, and has proved to be extremely useful in other laboratories for the study of the mechanism of action of the enzyme. 

Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides, which are carbohydrate molecules containing two monosaccharide units. Figure 13.3 shows table sugar—sucrose—the most well-known disaccharide. In the digestive tract, sucrose is readily cleaved into its monosaccharide units, glucose and fructose. 

Q6 Alpha-amylase (a-amylase) is concerned with the digestion of starch to disaccharides and other products in the gut. The salivary glands also produce a-amylase, the parotid glands producing the greatest amount. 

Disaccharides Generated by Exhaustive Digestion of Heparin/HS with Heparin Lyase (A, Refs. 122—125) and with Nitrous Acid (B, Refs. 150, 155-157). (a) from IdoA-containing Sequences (b) from GlcA-containing Sequences. 

Identify the digestion products of disaccharides, polysaccharides, protein, and triglycerides. 

When you wash some fried potatoes down with a glass of milk, you deliver a lot of different nutritive substances to your digestive tract, including lactose (a disaccharide), protein, and fat from the milk and starch from the potatoes. What are the digestion products of disaccharides, polysaccharides, protein, and fat ... 

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