Surfactant dirty

Each micelle has a polar periphery and an oil-like core. When molecules of monomer collide with the solid surface of, say, a dirty plate, the non-polar ( hydrophobic ) end adsorbs to the non-polar grease. Conversely, the polar ( hydrophilic ) end readily solvates with water. Soon, each particle of oil or grease is surrounded with a protective coating of surfactant monomer, according to Figure 10.13. 

Once the dirty spot is removed from the substrate being laundered, it is important that it not be redeposited. Solubilization of the detached material in micelles of surfactant has been proposed as one mechanism that contributes to preventing the redeposition of foreign matter. Any process that promotes the stability of the detached dirt particles in the dispersed form will also facilitate this. We see in Chapter 11 how electrostatic effects promote colloidal stability. The adsorption of ions —especially amphipathic surfactant ions —onto the detached matter assists in blocking redeposition by stabilizing the dispersed particles. Materials such as carbox-ymethylcellulose are often added to washing preparations since these molecules also adsorb on the detached dirt particles and interfere with their redeposition. 

When insufficient surfactant is present to solubilize all of the oily soil, the remainder can be suspended in the bath by emulsification. An emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable suspension of liquid particles in a second liquid phase. Emulsion particles are much larger than micelles, about 500 nm or greater. The fact that emulsions are not thermodynamically stable is irrelevant since the dirty suspension is drained down the sink and the dishes are rinsed. 

U.S. 5100657 (1992) Ansher-Jackson et al. (Procter Gamble) A mixture of conditioning agents silicone, cationic surfactant, and fatty alcohol nonionic long-chain alkylated cellulose ether as the primary thickener water-insoluble surfactant as a secondary thickener Provide cleaner hair conditioning does not have the dirty hair feel and quick resoiling of hair associated with quaternary ammonium... 

A signal in hard surface cleaning that is often highlighted in commercials (especially those for glass cleaners) is the squeak. Greasy or dirty surfaces will not squeak when the surface is rubbed due to the lubrication of the surface consumers assume that a surface that squeaks is very clean. In one patent, it is claimed that the surfactant and buffer can be chosen to foster this effect in the cleaned surface [236,237],... 

Carry-over can be caused by dirty wash liquid or particulates in the hydrocarbon feed. Caustic strengths in excess of 15%-20% can contribute to carry-overs. Extraneous chemicals that reduce surface tension (surfactants) and thus promote foaming are obvious culprits. 

The peracid salt may be used as a general purpose disinfectant, disinfectant for hospitals, food industry and institutions. It is compatible with many nonionic, cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants. Recommended use concentrations for the treatment of surfaces according to tests with Enterococcus faecium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,. Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans (source LONZA) 0.5% (60min) for clean surfaces, 1.0% (60 min) for dirty surfaces... 

---