Erythromycin diphtheria

Some well-known inhibitors of prokaryotic translation include streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracydine, and chloramphenicol. Inhibitors of eukaryotic translation include cycloheximide and Diphtheria and Pseudomonas toxins. 

Although erythromycin is a well-established antibiotic, there are relatively few primary indications for its use. These indications include the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, eradication of Corynebacterium diphtheriae from pharyngeal carriers, the early preparox-ysmal stage of pertussis, chlamydial infections, and more recently, the treatment of Legionnaires disease, Campylobacter enteritis, and chlamydial conjunctivitis, and the prevention of secondary pneumonia in neonates. 

Erythromycin is effective against gram positive and few gram negative organisms which mainly includes pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci. Neisseria and some strains of C. diphtheriae, H. influenzae, Rickettsiae and Treponema. It is also effective against penicillin resistant staphylococci. 

It is mainly bacteriostatic and inhibits the growth of gram positive organisms which includes staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, C. diphtheriae and B. anthracis. Like erythromycin it act by interfering with protein synthesis. 

Diphtheria Unimmunized contacts Penicillin or erythromycin Proposed effective... 

Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae). Antitoxin 10 000-100 000 units i.v. in two divided doses 0.5-2 h apart is given to neutralise toxin already formed according to the severity of the disease. Erythromycin or benzylpenicillin is also used, to prevent the production of more toxin by destroying the bacteria. 

Erythromycin is cross resistant to clindamycin and strep-togramin B (quinupristin). Gram-positive bacilli also are sensitive to erythromycin typical MlCs are 1 pg/mL for Clostridium perfringens, from 0.2 to 3 pg/mL for Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae, and from 0.25 to 4 pg/mL for Listeria monocytogenes. 

Erythromycin 250 mg four times daily for 7 days is very effective for acute infections or for eradicating the carrier state. The other macrolides also are likely to be effective because clinical experience with them is lacking, they are not FDA approved for this indication. The presence of an antibiotic does not alter the course of an acute infection with the diphtheria bacillus or the risk of complications. Antitoxin is indicated in the treatment of acute infection. 

Serwold-Davis, T. M., and Groman, N. B. (1988). Identification of a methylase gene for erythromycin resistance within the sequence of a spontaneously deleting fragment of Corynebacte-rium diphtheriae plasmid pNG2. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 46, 7-14. 

Macrolides are used in a variety of dosage forms, including medicated feed, a water-soluble powder for the addition to drinking water, tablets, and injections for the treatment of systemic and local infections in animals. Erythromycin and/or tylosin are indicated for the prophylaxis of hepatic abscesses and the treatment of diphtheria, metritis, bacterial pneumonia, pododermatitis, and bovine respiratory disease in cattle. These drugs are also used in pigs for the prophylaxis and treatment of atrophic rhinitis, infectious arthritis, enteritis, erysipelas, respiratory syndrome, and bacterial respiratory infections, and in farrowing sows for leptospirosis. Erythromycin is indicated for the prophylaxis of enterotoxemia in lambs, while erythromycin and tylosin are used in the treatment... 

Erythromycin has much the same spectrum of antibacterial activity as penicillin. Because erythromycin-resistant strains of the commoner bacteria abound, the use of this antibiotic is becoming confined to three diseases mycoplasmal pneumonia, diphtheria, and Legionnaires disease. 

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