Dinonylnaphthalene

Of the higher alkyinaphthalenes, those of importance are the amyl-, diamyl-, polyamyl-, nonyl-, and dinonylnaphthalenes. These alkyinaphthalenes are used in sulfonated form as surfactants and detergent products. 

Other commercial naphthalene-based sulfonic acids, such as dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, are used as phase-transfer catalysts and acid reaction catalysts in organic solvents (71). Dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid is an example of a water-insoluble synthetic sulfonic acid. 

Fig. 12a and b. Transport of amino acids through a toluene barrier a from basic to acid aqueous phases using a positively charged carrier (N +, tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride, Aliquat 336) b from acid to basic aqueous phases using a negatively charged carrier (DNNS ", dinonylnaphthalene-sulfonate). (Cited from Ref.70))... 

Examples of liquid cation exchangers are alkyl and dialkyl phosphoric acids, alkyl sulphonic acids and carboxylic acids, although only two appear to have been used to any extent, viz. di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric(V) acid and dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid. 

Otu, E.O. The synergistic extraction of thorium(lV) and uranium(VI) by 2-ethylhexyl phenylphosphonic acid and micelles of dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 15 (1997) 1-13. 

Fig. 2. Concentration dependence of apparent aggregation number of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates (o) = NaDNNS, ( ) = Ba(DNNS)2 in benzene at 25 °C. Concentration in formula weight (F. W.) per liter (L.) [J. Colloid Sci. 10, 139 (1955)1...

Fig. 6. g-micelle volumes ( aggregation numbers = acid residues per aggregate) in ml as determined by fluorescence depolarization measurements versus sulfonate concentration in g-equiva-lents per liter of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates at 25 °C in benzene saturated with water [J. Colloid Sci. 12, 465 (1957)]... 

Fig. 14. Aggregation number (n) of sodium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate versus solubility parameter of the solvents. (J. Phys. Chem. 68, 3453 (1964)1...

A comprehensive paper by Little and Singleterry134 was devoted to the solubility of alkali dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates in different solvents with particular emphasis on the mutual relation between the solubility parameter and micellar size, see Fig. 14. 

The solubility parameter introduced by Hildebrand90, rather than the dielectric constant or dipole moment is a characteristic quantity of the solvent which appears appropriate (if no specific solvation effects have to be taken into account) to forecast the micellar solubility of the alkali dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates in the particular solvent. As the solubility parameter of the solvent is increased, the micelles tend to assume a smaller size (Fig. 14). This size reduction gives a looser packing of the DNNS tails and, thus, exposes the more interactive aromatic and polar parts in such a way as to reduce the difference between the solubility parameter of the solvent and the effective solubility parameter of the solvent-accessible portions of the lipophilic micelle. The automatic matching of the solubility parameter for micelle and solvent by reduction of micelle size and packing in solvents of high solubility parameters recalls the behavior of linear macromolecules in solvents of different solvent power. 

In particular, Fig. 14 shows that the sodium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate aggregates decrease in size approximately linearly with increasing solubility parameters between 6.5 and 10. According to Little135 the barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (which forms spherical micelles independent of concentration) also obeys a linear relation between micelle size and the solubility parameters (see Fig. 15). Actually, quite a number of authors recommend this relationship, for example117,118,124 142 as the most reliable and appropriate one. It should be noted,... 

Also Fryar and Kaufman8 studied the solvent effect on the stability of barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate in toluene, toluene/methanol, and methanol solutions by ultracentrifugation and viscometry. The aggregation number of the micelles reduced from about 10 in toluene to about 4 when the mole fraction of free methanol in the solvent mixture was approximately 0.03. In pure methanol BaDNNS micelles did not exist. 

Soldatov, V., Oedberg, L., Hogfeldt, E. Infrared and NMR studies of lithium and cesium salts of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid in heptane. In Ion exchange and membranes. 

Higher molecular weight products, such as calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulphonate, can also be used as demulsifiers, to remove water from oil systems. Examples of the include sump oils in ships. If sea water penetrates into the lubricant system, the sulphonate will remove the water by first including it in a micelle which leads to subsequent aggregation into droplets which are deposited into the sump. The metal of the sump is further protected by the corrosion inhibiting properties of the sulphonate. 

CDNSA is dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid. dDB16C5AA is dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid. 

Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate. Solutions of this liquid cation exchanger in heptane were prepared and standardized as described elsewhere (9). 

The use of ion-selective electrodes as a rapid, inexpensive method for the determination of diltiazem has been explored. Detection limits of 10 5 M or lower are attainable. The potentio-metric sensor is based on the incorporation of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid and diltiazem into a plasticized membrane resulting in a coated-wire ion-selective electrode (25). 

Ca dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate Ditolylphosphoric acid Dilauryl phosphoric acid Paratone 460 (contains carboxyl acid)... 

Sodium petroleum sulphonates or calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulphonate can be applied as rust preventing additives and the catalytic effect of copper can be retarded by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Depending on operating temperature, various oxidation inhibitors may be used. Thus, 2,6-di-fert-butyl-4-methyl phenol is an effective inhibitor below 120 C while phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is widely used in greases at low temperatures and above 120" C and phenothiazine is effective especially at temperatures above 150" C. Special compounds used as oxidation inhibitors for greases in the food industry are dilauryl thiodipropionate or citric acid. 

Barium bis(dinonylnaphthalenesulphonate) Barium di-nonylnaphthalenesulfonate Dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid barium salt EINECS 247-132-7 Naphtha-lenesuHbnic acid, dinonyl-, barium salt NSC 49580... 

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