Negative charge carrier

Fig. 12a and b. Transport of amino acids through a toluene barrier a from basic to acid aqueous phases using a positively charged carrier (N +, tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride, Aliquat 336) b from acid to basic aqueous phases using a negatively charged carrier (DNNS ", dinonylnaphthalene-sulfonate). (Cited from Ref.70))... 

The efficient formation of singlet excitons from the positive and negative charge carriers, which are injected via the metallic contacts and transported as positive and negative polarons (P+ and P ) in the layer, and the efficient radiative recombination of these singlet excitons formed are crucial processes for the function of efficient electroluminescence devices. 

Fig. 4.12 Dependence of concentrations of negative charge carriers (ne) and positive charge carriers (np) on distance from the interface between the semiconductor (sc) and the electrolyte solution (1) in an w-type semiconductor. These concentration distributions markedly differ if the semiconductor/electrolyte potential difference A cp is (A) smaller than the flat-band potential AF

Y. Koizumi, S. Seki, A. Acharya, A. Saeki, and S. Tagawa, Delocalization of positive and negative charge carriers on oligo- and poly-fluorenes studied by low-temperature matrix isolation technique, Chem. Lett., 33 1290-1291, 2004. 

An Intrinsic Semiconductor is characterized by an equal density of positive and negative charge carriers, produced by thermal excitation i.e., the density of electrons in the conduction band, nj, and of holes in the valence band, Pi, are equal... 

The product of the mobile positive and negative charge carriers is then obtained by multiplication of Eqs. (6.24) and (6.25), and recalling that we obtain... 

FIGURE 4.10 Intrinsic, n-type and p-type semiconductors depicting negative charge carriers (electrons in the conduction band) and positive holes. 

It is worth emphasizing here that in the case of the bulk solid polymers, it is not possible to differentiate between the positive and negative charge carrier mobilities and only a mobility sum can be... 

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